Sigmund Freud

Cards (56)

  • Personality
    All relatively permanent traits or characteristics that render some consistency to a person's behavior
  • Psychodynamic Theories

    • Sigmund Freud: Psychoanalysis
    • Carl Jung: Analytical Psychology
    • Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology
    • Karen Horney: Psychoanalytic Social Theory
    • Erik Erickson: Psychosocial/Post-Freudian Theory
    • Melanie Klein: Object Relations Theory
    • Eric Fromm: Humanistic Psychology
    • Harry Stack Sullivan: Interpersonal Theory
  • Six criteria determining the usefulness of a scientific theory
    • Generates research
    • Is falsifiable
    • Organizes and explains knowledge
    • Suggests practical solutions to everyday problems
    • Is internally consistent
    • Is simple or parsimonious
  • Disposition Theories
    • Gordon Allport: Psychology of the Individual
    • Hans Eysenck: Biologically Based Factor Theory
    • Robert McCrae & Paul Costa Jr.: Five Factor Trait Theory
    • Raymond Cattell: 16 Personality Factors
    • Henry Murray: Psychogenic Needs
  • Levels of mental life
    • Conscious
    • Preconscious
    • Unconscious
  • Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg Moravia in 1856 and spent most of his life in Vienna Austria
  • Theory
    A set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate a testable hypothesis
  • Dimensions for a concept of humanity
    • Determinism vs. Free Choice
    • Pessimism vs. Optimism
    • Causality vs. Teleology
    • Conscious vs. Unconscious Determinants of Behavior
    • Biological vs. Social Influences on Personality
    • Uniqueness vs. Similarities
  • Humanistic/Existential Theories
    • Abraham Maslow: Holistic-Dynamic Theory
    • Carl Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
    • Rollo May: Existential Psychology
  • Sigmund Freud was driven out of Austria by Nazis in 1938 and died in London in the same year
  • Provinces of the mind
    • Id (Das es)
    • Ego (Das Ich)
    • Superego (Das Uber Ich)
  • Learning Theories
    • B.F. Skinner: Behavioral Analysis
    • Albert Bandura: Social Cognitive Theory
    • Rotter & Mischel: Cognitive Social Learning Theory
    • George Kelly: Psychology of Personal Constructs
  • Ego
    Executive of personality, in contact with the real world, and in service of the REALITY PRINCIPLE
  • Realistic Anxiety is fear of real-world events, usually easily identified, and the most common way of reducing this anxiety is to avoid the threatening object
  • Ego-Ideal
    Part of the Superego that contains the standards for moral behavior
  • Provinces of the Mind
    • Id (Das es)
    • Ego (Das Ich)
    • Superego (Das Uber Ich)
  • Defense mechanisms are processes used by the ego to distort reality and protect a person from anxiety
  • Neurotic Anxiety is the unconscious worry that we will lose control of the id's urges, resulting in punishment for inappropriate behavior
  • Displacement involves taking out frustrations, feelings, and impulses on people or objects that are less threatening
  • Instincts are known only indirectly
  • Psychosexual Stages of Development
    • Oral
    • Anal
    • Phallic
    • Latency
  • Regression is a defense mechanism where one returns to an earlier, safer stage of one’s life to escape present threats
  • Projection is a defense mechanism in which anxiety-arousing impulses are externalized by placing them onto others
  • Denial functions to protect the ego from things with which the individual cannot cope
  • Superego
    Serves the moral and IDEALISTIC PRINCIPLES and begins to form after the Oedipus complex is resolved
  • Id
    Unconscious, chaotic, out of contact with reality, and in service of the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE
  • Two sources of unconscious processes
    • Repression
    • Phylogenetic Endowment
  • Moral Anxiety comes from threats of punishments from the superego and involves a fear of violating our own moral principles
  • Defense Mechanisms
    • Reaction Formation
    • Displacement
    • Fixation
    • Denial
    • Repression
    • Projection
    • Sublimation
    • Regression
    • Rationalization
  • Drives
    • Libido or Sex Drive
    • Thanatos or Aggression/Destructive Drive
  • Repression is a defense mechanism that pushes threatening thoughts into the unconscious
  • Reaction Formation is a defense mechanism that pushes away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in one’s thoughts and words
  • Fixation refers to the point in the individual’s development at which certain aspects of the emotional development are not advanced
  • Sublimation is a defense mechanism where dangerous urges are transformed into positive, socially acceptable forms
  • Rationalization is a defense mechanism where after-the-fact logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives are provided
  • Characteristics of Psychosexual Stages of Development
    • Oral: Birth – 1, Erogenous Zone: Mouth, Pleasure derived from sucking, Fixation leads to individuals taking much interest in smoking, eating, kissing, oral hygiene, and drinking, Weaning away from mother’s breast
    • Anal: 1-3, Erogenous Zone: Anus, Toilet training interferes with gratification received from defecation, Anal Retentive, Anal Expulsive, Toilet training
    • Phallic (Independent Stage): 4-5, Erogenous Zone: Genitals, Incestuous Fantasies, Superego Development, Awakening of Sexuality, Masturbation, Oedipus and Electra Complex
    • Latency: 6-puberty, Sexual urges are sublimated into sports and hobbies, Same-sex friends also help avoid sexual feelings
  • Anal Fixation Types
    • Anal Retentive
    • Anal Expulsive
  • Genital Stage

    1. Development of sex-role identity and adult social relationships
    2. Social Roles
  • Anal Expulsive
    Disorderly, messy, destructive, or cruel. Lack of self-control, generally messy and careless
  • Phallic Stage Characteristics
    • Erogenous Zone: Genitals
    • Incestuous Fantasies
    • Superego Development
    • Awakening of Sexuality
    • Masturbation
    • Oedipus and Electra Complex