01 Introduction to STAS

• Science -

  it is the knowledge of the natural world gained through scientific method.
• Science - It is pre-occupied with the know-why resulting in new knowledge
• Technology - It is pre-occupied with the know-why resulting in new product
• First wave technology - comprising the preindustrial technologies which are

  laborintensive, small-scale, decentralized and based on empirical rather than scientific knowledge.
• Second wave technology - comprising the industrial technologies which were developed since the time of industrial revolution until the end of World War II.
• Third wave technology - comprising the post-industrial or the high technologies which are called scienceintensive since they are based on the modern scientific knowledge of the structures, properties.
• Material technology - extraction, fabrication, processing, combination and synthesis of materials.
• Equipment technology - design and fabrication of tools, instruments, devices and machines.
• Energy technology - deals with the distribution of various forms of energy such as solar panels, wind turbines and hydrotherma
• Information technology - based on machines that collect, store, process, retrieve, transmit and utilize data or information
• Management technology - Planning, organization, coordination and control of social activities
• Hunter and gather societies - the most primitive of all societies
• Shifting and farming - slash and burn farming
• Manufacturing and recycling societies - production of synthetic food and other resources and recycling of nonrenewable resources.
• Fundamental research - gaining new knowledge
• Applied research - practical application of knowledge and intervention