Human genome project

• The genome of an organism refers to its entire genetic material
• DNA contains four bases represented by the letters A, T, G, and C
• A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a particular protein
• How many bases long is the human genome?

  3 billion
• The average size of a gene is about 3,000 bases long
• Large parts of our DNA do not code for genes
• The genomes of all humans on Earth are 99.9% the same
• Match the organism with its approximate genetic similarity to humans:

  Chimpanzee ↔️ 98%

  Mouse ↔️ 75%
• When did the Human Genome Project begin?

  1990
• The Human Genome Project was completed two years ahead of schedule
• Steps to use the information from the Human Genome Project

  1️⃣ Identify genetic causes of diseases

  2️⃣ Develop treatments

  3️⃣ Carry out genetic tests

  4️⃣ Trace human migrations
• Mutations in the order of DNA bases can result in diseases
• What is the Out of Africa theory supported by?

  DNA comparisons
• The evidence for the Out of Africa theory comes from comparing the DNA of people living in different regions
• All data generated by the Human Genome Project is available online for free
• How long did it take to sequence a whole genome during the Human Genome Project?

  13 years
• Scientists can now sequence a whole genome in a matter of hours
• Advancements in DNA sequencing have reduced the cost and time required
• What are some potential uses of DNA sequencing advancements?

  Disease prevention