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CHEMISTRY
C3
C3.3 and C3.4 (types of chemical reactions+electrolysis)
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Cards (65)
what is a redox reaction?
a reaction where
reduction
and
oxidation
happen at the
same
time
what is reduction in terms of transfer of oxygen?
reduction
is the
loss
of
oxygen
from a
substance
what is oxidation in terms of transfer of oxygen?
Oxidation
is the
gain
of
oxygen
by a
substance
what happens when aluminium gains
oxygen
?
It is oxidised to aluminium oxide
What happens when iron oxide loses oxygen?
it is
reduced
to
iron
what is a reducing agent?
The agent that
reduces
a substance originally with
oxygen
to end up
without oxygen
what is an oxidising agent?
an agent that oxidises a substance originally without
oxygen
to end up with
oxygen
what does oil rig stand for?
Oxidation
is loss of electrons,
reduction
is gain of electrons
what does a half equation show?
The
change
that happens to one reactant in a
reaction
what is reduction in terms of electrons?
Gain of electrons
what is oxidation in terms of electrons?
loss of electrons
what is an acid?
A
substance
that
releases hydrogen ions
when it
dissolves
in
water
to make an
aqueous solution
what makes a solution acidic?
Hydrogen ions
what is a base?
Usually a metal
oxide
or metal
hydroxide
that can
neutralise
acids
what can also be the name of a
base
that can dissolve in
water
?
could also be an
alkali
what does an alkali release when dissolved in water?
Hydroxide ions
what does it mean if the pH is
less
than
7
?
Acidic
what does it mean if the
pH
is equal to
7
?
Neutral
what does it mean if the
pH
is more than
7
?
Alkaline
how do you work out the
pH
of a solution?
Using
universal indicator
or a
pH meter
What colour normally represents
acidic
?
Red
what colour normally means
neutral
?
green
what colour normally means
alkaline
?
Blue
what is
neutralisation
?
The reaction between an
acid
and a
base
or an
alkali
to form a
salt
and
water
what is the equation for an
acid
+ a
base
?
Acid
+
base
-->
salt
+
water
what happens to the
pH
when a
base
or
alkali
is added to and acid?
Increases
what happens to the
pH
if an
acid
is added to a
base
or an
alkali
?
Decreases
how can you predict the
salt
made in a
neutralisation
reaction?
The first part comes from the
metal
in the
base
or in the
alkali
The second part comes from the
acid
used
what happens when an acidic solution and an alkaline solution react together?
It produces
water
The ionic equation is
H+
+
OH-
->
H2O
what are
carbonates
?
Ionic
compounds that contain the
carbonate
ion
CO3 2-
what do
carbonates
reacting with
acids
form?
Salt
,
water
, and
carbon dioxide
true or false = most carbonates are insoluble in water
True
what carbonates are soluble in water?
Group
1
carbonates,
sodium
carbonate and
ammonium
carbonate
what does an
acid
+
metal
make?
Salt
+
hydrogen
what does a
dilute acid
mean?
It contains a
low
ratio of
acid
to
volume
of solution
what does a
concentrated acid
mean?
Contains a
high
ratio of
acid
to
volume
of solution
what happens when
acids
release
hydrogen
ions?
A
covalent
bond in the
acid
molecule breaks, producing a
hydrogen
ion (
H+
) and a
negatively
charged ion
what are weak acids in terms of
ions
?
Only
partially ionised
which means that only a
small
amount of their
molecules
release
H+
ions
what are strong acids in terms of ions?
Fully ionised
, all of their molecules release
H+
ions
what sometimes happens to weak
acids
?
Their
reaction
does not go to
completion
and
2
arrows in
opposite directions
are shown in the
equation
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