STAS PRELIM

• Science


  System of knowledge of the natural world gained through the scientific method.
• Technology

  Comes from Greek words "tekhne" meaning "art or craft" and logia meaning a 'subject or interest".
• Society


  an organized group of people associated as members of a community.
• Development

  involves transforming research findings into prototype inventions of new materials, devices and processes.
• Innovation


  involves commercialization of prototype inventions of Research and Development into marketable products or processes.
• Research


  a process of acquiring new knowledge.
• Fundamental/Basic Research


  gaining new knowledge
• Applied


  practical application
• Mission


  Oriented-accomplishing a particular mission or technological objective
• Material technology

  extraction, fabrication, processing, combination and synthesis of materials
• Equipment technology


  design and fabrication of tools, instruments, devices and machines.
• Energy technology


  deals with the distribution of various forms of energy such as solar panels, wind turbines and hydrothermal.
• Information technology


  based on machines that collect, store, process, retrieve, transmit and utilize data or information.
• Life technology


  these are devices, medicines, procedures and systems designed to preserve, repair, maintain, reproduce and improve living systems.
• Management Technology

  Planning, organization, coordination and control of social activities
• Branches of Science

  1. Geology

  2. Chemistry

  3. Physics

  4. Biology

  5. Astronomy
• Scientific Processes

  1. Observing

  2. Describing

  3. Comparing

  4. Classifying

  5. Measuring

  6. Making
• Inference Science Processes


  Identification of an aspect, problem, question or phenomenon of nature of interest to the scientists or practitioner.
• Technology Processes


  Identification of a specific need, desire or opportunity to be satisfied of interest to the practitioner or technologist
• First Wave Technology

  Agricultural Age- comprising the pre-industrial technologies which are labor-intensive, small-scale, decentralized and based on empirical rather than scientific knowledge.
• Second Wave technology


  comprising the industrial technologies which were developed since the time of industrial revolution until the end of World War II.
• Third-Wave technology


  comprising the post-industrial or the high technologies which are called science-intensive since they are based on the modern scientific knowledge of the structures, properties and interaction of molecules, atoms and nuclei.
• Hunter and Gatherer Societies


  the most primitive of all societies.
• Shifting and Farming

  slash and burn farming
• Agricultural and Mining Societies


  depend on the natural resources of the world to sustain the needs of people but both entail the risk of environmental damage.
• Manufacturing and Processing Societies

  the use of coal marked the start of industrialization.
• Synthesizing and Recycling Societies


  production of synthetic food and other resources and recycling of nonrenewable resources.
• SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION

  · MESOPOTENIA

  · They know as civilization because they are making trade

  · Known as black headed people

  · Famous of their writing that are cuneiform
• CUNEIFORM


  a set of word pictures depicted in symbols made of triangular marks.
• SEXAGESIMAL


  using the number 60 as base, system of counting and a form of place notation.
• ZIGGURATS


  mountain of God, served as the sacred place of their chief God.
• The City of Uruk


  a great wonder not only because it is considered to be the first true city in the world.
• BABAYLONIAN CIVILIZATION


  Famous of their history -because their history was written in the bible.
• BABAYLONIAN CIVILIZATION


  They adopted the Sumerian sexagesimal system of counting in units, Ziggurat and cuneiform, and their measurements made use of fractions, squares and square roots.
• PERSIAN CIVILIZATION

  · Introduce of a uniform system of gold and silver coinage,

  · The first regular postal system in the world

  · Taxation system, an important component of the Achaemenid state administration.

  · Qanat is a gently
• EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION


  They wrote with ink and brushes on paper made of papyrus reeds and located in the Northeastern part of the African continent, a desert country on an agricultural economy
• hieroglyphics


  The Egyptian writing was in the form of pictorial symbols known as ______, representing individual objects or actions.
• ramp and lever


  - The Egyptians invented and used many simple machines to aid construction processes.
• water clock


  a conical earthen vessel with hours equally marked off on the inside and spout at the bottom.
• GREEK CIVILIZATION


  · Famous because of their thinking (western philosophy)

  · Known as the birthplace of western philosophy

  · They designed various mathematical models and mechanical systems to explain the planetary motions and mechanical system