Neutralisation of Acids

• Soluble bases are also called alkalis
• Insoluble bases can only be bases
• Bases are chemicals which neutralise acids to produce a salt and water
• Acid + Base → Salt + Water

  
• • Metal Hydroxides are bases , and can be used to neutralise acids 
  • Acid + Metal Hydroxide → Salt + Water

  
• • Metal oxides are bases , and can be used to neutralise acids 
  • Acid + Metal oxide → Salt + Water

  
• • Metal carbonates can be used to neutralise acids 
  • Acid + metal carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide

  
• Which of these bases can also be an alkali?

  Sodium hydroxide

  
• In this reaction below, what is the name of the salt that gets produced?

  Copper chloride

  
• In the reaction below what is the name of the base / alkali?

  Sodium hydroxide

  
• Explain how water gets formed when an alkali and acid react

  • Acids contain hydrogen ions 
  • Alkalis contain hydroxide ions 
  • When an acid and alkali react, the hydrogen and hydroxide ions react together to produce water with a pH of 7 
  • H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq) → H₂O (l)

  
• Why is the reaction between an acid and alkali called neutralisation?

  • An acid is neutralised by an alkali 
  • The solution that remains has a pH of 7 , showing that it is neutral
• • Salts contain a positive ion which comes from the alkali / base 
  • Salts also contain a negative ion which comes from the acid

  
• Explain how a salt is produced during the reaction between a metal hydroxide / oxide / carbonate

  A salt is produced when the hydrogen ion in the acid is replaced by a metal ion

  
• • Hydrochloric acid produces chloride salts 
  • Nitric acid produces nitrate salts 
  • Sulfuric acid produces sulfate salts
• Predict the products when Sulfuric acid reacts with Zinc oxide?

  Zinc sulfate and water
• Predict the products when Nitric acid reacts with lithium hydroxide

  Lithium nitrate and water
• Predict the products when Hydrochloric acid reacts with Copper carbonate?

  Copper chloride , water and carbon dioxide