Circulatory System

• The two top chambers of the heart

  Atria (singular: atrium)
• The two bottom chambers of the heart

  Ventricles
• The thick muscular wall that separates the chambers

  Septum
• Which side of the heart receives blood coming back from the body?

  Right side
• Which two large vessels open into the right atrium?

  Vena cavae
• What collects oxygen-poor blood coming from the tissues of the head, chest, and arms?

  Superior vena cava
• What collects oxygen-poor blood coming from tissues elsewhere in the body?

  Inferior vena cava
• Where does the oxygen-poor blood flow?

  From the right atrium into the right ventricle, out into the pulmonary trunk before entering the left and right pulmonary arteries and continues to the right and left lungs for gas exchange.
• What does the left side of the heart do?

  Receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it out of the body and flows through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium. The left atrium pumps blood into the left ventricle where all the blood goes through the aorta.
• Largest vessel of the body

  Aorta
• What do the arteries do?

  Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart
• What do veins do?

  Carry oxygen-poor blood toward the body
• How many valves does the heart have?

  4
• Which valve(s) separates the atria and ventricles from each other?

  Atrioventricular valve
• What is the AV valve on the right side called?

  The tricuspid valve
• What is the AV valve on the left side called?

  Bicuspid valve
• What are capillaries?

  Where gases, nutrients, and other materials are transferred to tissue cells and wastes, including gases move into the blood.
• The pacemaker that sets the pace for cardiac activity

  Sionatrial (SA) node
• What is the blood pressure of an average healthy young person?

  120 mmHg over 80 mmHg
• Which pathway moves the oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body tissues?

  Systemic pathway
• What provides blood to the muscle tissue of the heart itself?

  Coronary pathway
• Which blood cell make up approximately 44% of the total volume of blood?

  Red blood cell (erythrocytes)
• What do red blood cells do?

  Specialized for oxygen transport
• Which cell fights against infections?

  White blood cells (leucocytes)
• What are the three groups can leucocytes be divided into?

  Granulocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes
• What do granulocytes have?

  Neutrophils, basophrils, and eosinophils
• What do monocytes do?

  Can leave the blood stream and become further specialized as macrophages, which destroys bacteria
• What proteins do some lymphocytes produce?

  Antibodies
• What are platelets?

  Forms when large cells in the bone marrow break apart
• What enzymes do collecting platelets produce?

  Thromboplastin
• What process do the blood vessels of the skin dilate when the body's internal environment is too warm?

  Vasodilation
• What is body heat conserved by when the body's external environment is cold?

  Vasoconstriction