Lesson 1 and 2

• Drawing


  Graphical representation of any object or idea
• Types of Engineering Drawing

  • Geometrical Drawing
  • Mechanical Engineering Drawing
  • Civil Engineering Drawing
  • Electrical Engineering Drawing
• Engineering Drawing


  • Used by engineers and technologists
  • Provides information about size, shape, materials, etc., of the object
• Geometrical Drawing


  • Plane geometrical drawing for 2D objects and solid geometrical drawing for 3D objects
• Types of Drawing

  • Artistic Drawing
  • Engineering Drawing
• Electronic Engineering Drawing


  Representation of electronic circuits of TV, Phones, computers on paper
• Civil Engineering Drawing


  Representation of civil engineering objects like buildings, roads, bridges, dams on paper
• Artistic Drawing


  • Painting, Posters, Arts, etc.
• Applications of Eng. Drawing

  1. Essential part of almost all engineering projects

  2. Used in navigation, manufacturing, construction, and manufacturing of electric appliances
• Engineering Drawing


  Representation of engineering objects like buildings, roads, machines, circuits on paper
• Drawing


  Can be prepared using freehand, engineering instruments, or computer programs
• Engineering Drawing


  • Building drawing for civil engineers, Machine drawing for mechanical engineers, Circuit diagrams for electrical and electronics engineers, computer graphics for all
• Applications of Eng. Drawing

  • Used in ships for navigation
  • For manufacturing of machines, automobiles, etc.
  • For construction of buildings, roads, bridges, dams, electrical and telecommunication structures, etc.
  • For manufacturing of electric appliances like TV, phone, computers, etc.
• Electrical Engineering Drawing


  Representation of electrical engineering objects like motors, generators, transformers, wiring diagrams on paper
• Artistic Drawing


  Sketched in freehand using the imagination of the artist without proper scaling and dimensioning
• Geometrical Drawing


  Representation of geometric objects like rectangles, squares, cubes, cones, cylinders, spheres on paper
• Mechanical Engineering Drawing


  Representation of mechanical engineering objects like machines, machine parts on paper
• Specific Purposes of Studying Civil Engineering Drawing

  • To develop the ability to produce simple civil engineering drawing and sketches based on current practice
  • To develop the skills to read and understand the drawings used in civil engineering projects
  • To develop a working knowledge of the layout of buildings, bridges, highways, etc.
• Structural Drawing


  It shows the detail requirement of reinforcement and their arrangement in structure. It also shows the specification and properties of construction materials like concrete, steel, timber etc.
• Protractor


  The protractor is a tool used to measure or layout an angle or an arc. It is either circular or semicircular. The celluloid protractor is preferred to the metal one.
• Types of Civil Eng. Drawing

  1. Architectural Drawing

  2. Structural Drawing
• Triangle


  A thin, flat, right-angled piece of plastic or metal with acute angles of 45°, or 30° and 60° used for drawing vertical or inclined lines that are multiples of 15°
• Scale/Rule


  needed for measuring sizes and distances and for transferring measurement from it to the drawing paper. It can also be used to divide a line into any number or equal parts with the help of a T-square or a triangle.
• Compass


  Used to draw circles and arcs. Compass with pencil point and compass with pen point.
• Mechanical Pencil (Lead Holder)


  Used to hold leads of various hardness
• Dusting Brush


  Used to brush loose graphite and eraser dust from a drawing.
• Pencil Sharpener


  Used to sharpen drawing pencil of varying grades. Pocket knife or razor blades can be a substitute.
• Erasing Shield


  A metal plate with various slots and openings used to protect line work when a portion of the drawing is to be erased.
• Basic Drawing Tools

  • Triangle
  • T-Square
  • Scale/Rule
  • Drawing Pencil
  • Mechanical Pencil (Lead Holder)
  • Drawing/Technical Pens
  • Compass
  • Divider
  • Protractor
  • Drafting Tape
  • Dusting Brush
  • Eraser
  • Erasing Shield
  • Lead Pointer
  • Pencil Sharpener
  • Irregular Curve/French Curve
• Architectural Drawing


  1. Plan: It shows the position of different objects and elements of the structure in a two-dimensional view. Only length and width of objects are shown here.

  2. Elevation and Section: It shows a view along the height of structure. Elevation can be presented in 2D or 3D. In 2D elevation view either height and length or height and width is shown.
• Drawing/Technical Pens


  Used for lettering and drawing lines. Can vary from different sizes of points from 0.1mm to 2.0mm. Common Brands: Staedler, Rotring, Faber Castle. Rule in using: Handle it with care to avoid blots and broken tech pen points.
• Drawing Pencil


  Used for drawing straight and curved pencil lines, either freehand or mechanically. Have various grades of hardness and softness.
• T-Square


  Used by draftsmen primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal lines on a drafting table; come in varying sizes, common lengths being 18’’, 24’’ 30’’, 36’’ and 42’’. It may also guide a triangle to draw vertical or diagonal lines. Permanent/fixed or movable/adjustable head.
• Eraser


  Used to remove pencil lines and graphite smudges from a drawing.
• Irregular Curve/French Curve


  Curved template used for drawing smooth curves.
• Drafting Tape


  A specially-prepared tape used to adhere drawing media to the working surface.
• Lead Pointer


  Used for sharpening mechanical pencil leads.
• Divider


  Used to transfer dimensions. Consists of two legs each with a needle point. Legs should never be oiled.
• Visible Lines


  • Dark, heavy lines
  • Used to represent the outline or contour of the object being drawn
  • Define features you can see in a particular view
• Drawing tools for layout

  • Template