emergence of parliament

• why did the barons demand a range of reforms?

  • failure of the king to consult his barons
  • cost of war
• Simon de Montfort was the leading baron who led the demand for change
• the barons forced Henry iii to sign the provisions of Oxford.
• how many barons made up the privy council?


  15
• why was Simon de Montfort not popular with the wealthiest barons?


  they were worried he was becoming too powerful
• after Henry was defeated, Simon de Montfort ruled England
• under which king was the term 'parliament' first used?

  Henry iii
• in the 1230's and 40's, parliament was more of an extended council of barons
• Henry iii's costs begun to rise, who did he begin to include in his councils?

  lesser nobles and representatives of the towns
• how many barons made up this new council of advisers to the king?

  24
• how where the barons chosen?

  12 by the king, 12 by the barons
• how many barons made up the privy council?

  15
• under the provisions of Oxford, parliament would meet 3 times a year
• de monfort defeated Henry iii at the battle of the lewes, Henry was put in prison
• de monfort was not supported by the great English barons but was supported by knights, gentry and merchants
• de monfort brought the knights, gentry and merchants into the political arena. they were known as the commons
• de monfort was killed at the battle of evesham in 1265
• Henry was reinstated as king, he continued to summon parliament until his death
• Edward I called parliament regularly in the first 20 years of his reign, usually twice a year
• Edward I formed a new parliament in 1295 called the model parliament
• the House of Lords was made up of?

  great barons and churchmen
• a pattern was emerging in which kings used parliament to listen to the concerns of their subjects
• Edward reissued the Magna Carta in 1297 to show that he would abide by the law
• No one had ever tried to exert this kind of control over a King before
• Simon De Montfort not popular with the wealthiest Barons because they worried he was becoming too powerful
• Simon De Montfort reissued the Magna Carta to demonstrate his importance in the law
• Edward understood the importance of consulting his people. He formed a Parliament in 1295 called the model parliament
• The House of Lords was made up of great barons and churchmen