Blood / Heart

• Blood plasma carries urea from where it is made in the liver to the kidney where urea is removed from the blood.
• Advantages of cow tissue heart:

  • Less chance of sugery going wrong.
  • Shorter recovery time.
  • Abundant supply of cows.
  • No need for tissue typing.
• Disadvantages of cow tissue heart:

  • Could get rejected.
  • New procedure so could be some unknown risks.
  • Risk of using stents which could cause blood clots.
• Tissue heart muscel is made of:

  Cardiac muscel.
• Substances the circulatory system trasnport around the body:

  • Glucose
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Urea
  • Protein
  • Hormones / Insulin
• 4 components of blood:

  • Red blood cells
  • White blood cells
  • Plasma
  • Platelets
• Functions of 4 components of blood:

  Red blood cell - Contains haemoglobin which carries oxygen from the lungs and deliver it around the body.

  White blood cell - Immune system cells that protect against bacteria and viruses.

  Plasma - Takes nutrients, hormones and proteins to parts of body that need it.

  Platelets - Fragments of cells that are used to clot blood to prevent and stop bleeding.
• Substances transported in blood plasma:

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Glucose
  • Amino acids
  • Lactic acid
• Why do athelets need high concentration of red blood cells:

  1. More haemoglobin.
  2. So more oxygen can be carried.
  3. For more aerobic respiration for muscel cells.
• Structure of vein:

  • Thin elastic wall
  • Large lumen
  • Contains valves
• Structure of artery:

  • Thick elastic wall
  • Small lumen
  • No valaves
• Structure of capilary:

  • 1 cell thick wall
  • Very small lumen
  • No valves
• What condition is treated from pacemakers:

  Irregular heartbeat