1.1.2 Animal and plant cells

• Cell membrane Controls movement of substances in and out of cell
• Cytoplasm Gel-like substance where chemical reactions take place
• Nucleus Contains genetic material (DNA) → controls activities of cell
• Mitochondria Site of aerobic respiration → releases energy from glucose
• Cell wall Made of cellulose → strengthens cell (algal cells have one too)
• Chloroplasts Contain chlorophyll → to absorb light for photosynthesis to make glucose
• Permanent vacuole Filled with cell sap → help keep cell turgid / support plant
• “Bacterial cells have mitochondria.”

  They have no sub-cellular structures surrounded by a membrane, eg. nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts. They do still respire, but use other structures.
• “The cell wall controls what

  moves in and out of the cell.”

  Just like any other wall, the cell wall provides strength. The cell membrane is what controls what moves in and out of a cell.
• Compare the structure of a red

  blood cell (RBC) with the structure

  of a plant cell. (6)

  ● Both have cytoplasm and cell membrane

  ● RBC has no nucleus, plant cell does

  ● RBC has no cell wall, plant cell does

  ● RBC does not contain chloroplasts or chlorophyll, plant cell does

  ● RBC has no (permanent) vacuole, plant cell does

  ● RBC contains haemoglobin, plant cell don’t
• List the components of both plant and animal cells (5)

  ● Nucleus

  ● Cytoplasm

  ● Cell membrane

  ● Ribosomes

  ● Mitochondria
• List the components of plant cells (8)

  ● Nucleus

  ● Cytoplasm

  ● Cell membrane

  ● Ribosomes

  ● Mitochondria

  ● Chloroplasts

  ● permanent vacuole

  ●cell wall