Topic I

• prokaryote - simple cell without a nucleus
• eukaryote - complex cell with a nucleus
• unicellular - made up of only one cell
• multicellular - made up of multiple cells
• heterotrophic - must ingest nutrients
• autotrophic - can produce its own nutrients
• aerobic - does need oxygen to process nutrients
• anaerobic - doesn't need oxygen to process nutrients
• asexual - can produce without meiosis and fertilization
• sexual - can only reproduce with meiosis and fertilization
• terrestrial - lives on land
• aquatic - lives in water
• motile - can move from the original place of germination on its own
• radial symmetry - has regular repeating parts around a central point

  
• bilateral symmetry - has equal right and left sides

  
• taxonomy - identifying and classifying living things based on shared characteristics
• • 300BC Aristotle - first classification system; called main groups "kingdoms"
• • Late 1700s Carlos Linnaeus - created a uniform system of classification with six levels called "taxa" and each organism would be identified with a two-part scientific name
• • 1866 Haeckel - suggested a new kingdom protista
• • 1937 Chatton - all cells in two categories prokaryotes and eukaryotes
• • 1970-1990s Carl Woese - determined prokaryotes are two very different groups, which led to domain classification being added.
• Mnemonic Device:

  Domain - does

  Kingdom - king

  Phylum - phillip

  Class - commonly

  Order - order

  Family - fried

  Genus - green

  Species - shrimp
• 3 Domains -

  • eukaryota
  • bacteria
  • archana
• 6 Kingdoms -

  • plantae
  • animalia
  • fungi
  • protista
  • eubacteria
  • archaebacteria
• Eubacteria:

  cell type - prokaryote

  cell wall - peptidoglycan

  number of cells - uni

  nutrition - varies

  other - live in "normal" environments; cause sickness
• Archaebacteria:

  cell type - prokaryote

  cell wall - lipids

  number of cells - uni

  nutrition - varies

  other - live in "extreme" environments; don't cause sickness
• Protist:

  cell type - eukaryote

  cell wall - varies

  number of cells - varies

  nutrition - varies

  other - everything that doesn't fit in the other kingdoms goes here
• Fungi:

  cell type - eukaryote

  cell wall - varies

  number of cells - varies

  nutrition - decomposers

  other - are all both asexual and sexual
• Plant:

  cell type - eukaryote

  cell wall - cellulose

  number of cells - multi

  nutrition - autotroph

  other - sessile
• Animal:

  cell type - eukaryote

  cell wall - none

  number of cells - multi

  nutrition - heterotroph

  other - motile