cells prokaryotes vs eukaryotes

• Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles that perform specific functions within the cell.
• Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and have a simpler structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
• Prokaryotes have circular DNA in the form of a chromosome located within the nucleiod which is a non-membrane bound area in the cytoplasm.
• The genetic material in prokaryotes can be found free floating or attached to proteins called histones, but it does not reside inside a nuclear envelope like in eukaryotes
• Prokaryotes do not possess a true nucleus with a double membrane surrounding their DNA.
• Prokaryotes do not contain any internal membranes, such as those found in eukaryotic cells.
• In contrast, Eukaryotes contain linear DNA molecules organized into multiple chromosomes enclosed by a double membrane forming the nucleus.
• all cells have ribosomes, cytoplasm and plasma membranes
• prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic cells and have a single circular chromosome
• prokaryotic cells


  bacteria, archea
• eukarya


  protists, plants, fungi, animal
• the cell theory states that all organisms are made up of one or more cells, cells are the smallest basic unit of life, and all cells came from pre-existing cells
• prokaryotes have extrachromosomal circular dna known as plasmids
• prokaryotes are small cells, less than 2 micrometres long. this allows for a more efficient exchange of nutrients and waste
• prokaryotes only organelle can be conisdered is ribosomes
• eukaryotes are larger cells that range from 10 micrometres to 100 micrometres, this means that they also have a lower SA:V that decreases molecule movement in and out of specific areas of the cell. This is why they have membrane bound organelles to help increase the rate of exchange.
• the domain eukarya has the kingdoms - animalia, fungi, plantae and protista
• prokaryotes method of cell replication


  Binary Fission
• eukaryotes method of cell replication

  mitosis and meiosis
• cell wall


  a sturdy border outside of the plasma membrane that provides strength and structure to plant, bacterial and fungal cells.
• vesicle


  a small, membrane bound sac that transports substances into or out of a cell, or stores substances within a cell
• cytoskeleton


  a large network of protein filaments that start at the nucleus and reach out of the plasma membrane. The cytoskeleton is critical for maintaining shape and transporting vesicles around the cell.
• all living are composed of cells
• all living things are chemically complex and highly organised
• all living thing exchange energy and matter with their environments
• all living things evolve via adaptive changes over generations
• all living things grow, develop and reproduce
• all living things can detect and respond to stimuli