Lesson 3 Anthropology

• Cultural Anthropology


  Reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains
• Anthropology studies development, structure, interaction, and operation of human society
• Anthropology


  Systematic exploration of human biological and cultural diversity
• Anthropology studies human beings and their predecessors over time concerning their evolution, culture, characteristics, and relations
• Sub-Disciplines of Anthropology

  • Ethnography (based on fieldwork)
  • Ethnology (based on cross-cultural comparison)
  • Cultural Anthropology
  • Archaeological Anthropology
  • Biological Anthropology
  • Linguistic Anthropology
• Biological Anthropology


  Studies human biology in social and cultural contexts across space and over time
• Archaeological Anthropology


  Focuses on human evolution as revealed by fossil evidence, human genetics, human growth and development, human biological plasticity, and the biology, evolution, behavior, and social life of monkeys, apes, and other nonhuman primates
• Linguistic Anthropology


  Studies human language and communication
• Conformity is a change in behavior or belief as a result of real or imagined group pressure
• Culture


  Customary behavior and beliefs passed on through enculturation, a social process learned and passed from generation to the next, dependent on images with specific significance and incentive for individuals who share a culture, obliging people but can be changed by people's actions
• Obedience is acting in accord with a direct order or command
• Compliance is conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing
• Acceptance is conformity based on a person’s desire to fulfill others’ expectations, often to gain acceptance, salient when in public
• Normative Influence is conformity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people, salient when feeling incompetent and when the task is difficult
• Informational Influence is conformity occurring when the desire to be correct produces influence
• Spotlight effect is the belief that others are paying more attention to one’s appearance and behavior than they really are
• Social surroundings affect our self-awareness, self-interest colors our social judgment, self-concern motivates our social behavior, and social relationships help define our self
• Illusion of transparency is the belief that concealed emotions can be easily read by others
• Self-concern motivates our social behavior


  We agonize our self-appearance to make a good impression
• Social relationships help define our self


  My relationship with my mom vs. with my friends
• Roles we play

  • Leader
  • Officer
  • Kapatid
  • Bestfriend
• Self & Culture


  Giving priority to one’s own goals over group goals & defining one’s identity in terms of attributes rather than group identifications
• Self & Culture


  Giving priority to the goals of one’s group and defining one’s identity accordingly
• Culture transforms us and then we transform the culture

  The culture
• Our sense of role affects the way we see our self


  Whether we are a college student, parent, or salesperson
• Social comparisons


  Our daily experiences of success and failure give us a sense of social self
• What people think well of us

  It helps us think well of ourselves
• Looking-glass self


  Tendency to use others as a mirror for perceiving ourselves
• Development of the social self

  Evaluating one’s abilities and opinions by comparing oneself with others
• In Cultural psych

  Self and culture are seen as mutually constitutive
• Self-esteem


  Overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth
• Asians tend to have high self-esteem with positive social engagement– feeling close, friendly, & respectful
• Americans tend to have high self-esteem with disengaged emotions– feeling effective, superior and proud
• “The Me Generation”
• Jose Rizal: '“Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa kanyang pinanggalingan ay di makakarating sa kanyang paroroonan”'
• Joel Stein, May 2013: '“So, yes, we have all that data about narcissism and laziness and entitlement. But a generation’s greatness isn’t determined by data; it’s determined by how they react to the challenges that befall them. And, just as important, by how we react to them. Whether you think millennials are the new greatest generation of optimistic entrepreneurs or a group of 80 million people about to implode in a dwarf star of tears when their expectations are unmet depends largely on how you view change. Me, I choose to believe in the children. God knows they do.”'
• CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, including icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
• Anthropological Perspective of the Self
• UNDS CHAPTER 3