Chapter 11: Hormonal Control

• Which system acts more generally across the body?

  Endocrine System
• What system does Homeostasis rely on?

  Negative Feedback
• How does Negative Feedback work?

  Any change in a system causes an action that reverses the change.
• What is Diabetes Type 1?

  Pancreas doesn't release enough insulin
• What is the Endocrine System?

  A system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream to regulate bodily functions.
• Where is the pituitary gland found?

  The brain
• What is the Pituitary Gland also known as?

  The Master Gland
• Why is it called the master gland?


  Secretes lots of hormones that act on other glands
• What does the Pituitary Gland do?

  Controls Growth in children

  Stimulates the thyroid gland to make thyroxine

  Stimulates Ovaries to produce and release eggs and make oestrogen

  Stimulates Testes to make sperm and testosterone
• What does the Pituitary Gland release

  • TSH- Thyroid Stimulating Hormones
  • ADH- Antidiuretic hormone
  • FSH- Follicle Stimulating Hormone
• What does TSH control?

  Thyroid production of thyroxine
• What does ADH control?

  Water and Salts concentration
• What does FSH control?

  The maturation of an egg in the ovary
• What does Thyroxine do?

  Controls the rate of metabolism
• What does the Pancreas release?

  Insulin & Glucagon
• What do Insulin & Glucagon do?

  Control Blood Sugar Levels
• What does the Adrenal Gland secrete?


  Adrenaline
• What does Adrenaline do?

  • Prepares the body for Stress
  • Involved in the "fight or flight" response
• What hormones do the ovaries produce?

  Oestrogen & Progesterone
• What does Oestrogen do?

  Stimulates the uterus to develop a thickened lining, inhibits the release of FSH but stimulates the release of LH.
• What does Progesterone do?

  Maintains the lining of the uterus and inhibits FSH and LH
• What does LH do?

  Stimulates the release of the mature egg
• What do the Ovaries do?

  • Controls the menstrural cycle
  • Controls puberty in females
• What do the Testes secrete?


  Testosterone
• What do the Testes do?

  • Produce Sperm and testosterone
  • Control puberty in males
• What is Negative Feedback?

  Systems that work to maintain a steady state.
• What does a Negative Feedback System do?

  Work to maintain a steady state
• Name 3 Examples that are controlled by Negative Feedback.

  Blood Glucose, Water & Thyroxine Levels
• How does Negative Feedback keep optimum conditions?

  • When an increase is detected there are responses to lower levels
  • When a decrease is detected there are responses to raise levels
• What is Diabetes?

  • Non-Communicable Disease
  • Body either can't produce or can't respond to insuln
  • Uncontrolled blood glucose concentrations
• What type of onset is Type 1 diabetes?

  Early Onset
• What type of onset is Type 2 diabetes?

  usually later onset, obesity is a risk factor
• Why is Type 1 Diabetes caused?

  Pancreas stops producing sufficient insulin
• Why is Type 2 Diabetes caused?

  body doesn’t respond to the insulin produced
• How is Type 1 Diabetes treated?

  commonly treated through insulin injections, also diet control and exercise
• How is Type 2 Diabetes treated?

  commonly treated through a carbohydrate-controlled diet and exercise
• What happens on Day 1 of the Menstrural Cycle?

  Blood leaves the uterus lining as a period
• What happens on Day 5 of the Menstrural Cycle?

  Bleeding stops and the hormones oestrogen and progesterone cause the uterus lining to build up
• What happens at around Day 10 of the Menstrural Cycle?

  FSH causes an egg to mature in the ovary
• What happens on Day 14 of the Menstrural Cycle?

  LH causes an egg to be released. (Ovulation). The egg travels down the oviduct towards the uterus.