DRRR

• DISASTER is A sudden calamitous event, bringing great

  damage, loss, destruction, and devastation to

  life and property.
• Disaster uses the word perspective while Hazard uses impact
• Nature of Disaster

  Natural - originates from the different "forces" of nature which are geological, hydrological, psychological, meteorological, and biological

  Human-made - occurrence of people’s actions

  against humans, material, and the

  environment.
• DISASTER RISK

  ● The probability that a community’s structure or

  geographical area is to be damaged or

  disrupted by the impact of a particular hazard,

  on account of its nature, construction, and

  proximity to a hazardous area.
• RISK FACTORS:

  ● Climate Change

  ● Environmental Degradation

  ● Globalized Economic Development

  ● Poverty and Inequality

  ● Poorly planned and Managed Urban

  Development

  ● Weak Governance

  ● The severity of Exposure

  ● to Gender and Family

  ● Age

  ● Developing Countries

  ● Low or Negative social support
• EFFECTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS ON

  HUMAN LIFE

  ● D isplaced Populations

  ● H ealth Risks

  ● F ood Scarcity

  ● E motional Aftershocks
• HOW AND WHEN AN EVENT BECOMES A

  DISASTER

  ● When it is sudden or progressive causing

  widespread human, material, or environmental

  losses.
• AREAS/LOCATION EXPOSED TO HAZARDS

  ● Coastal Areas - Stormsurge, Tsunami

  ● Reclaimed - Flooding, Sinkhole

  ● Near Fault Lines - Earthquake

  ● On food denuded mountains -

  Mudslides/Landslides
• AREAS/LOCATION EXPOSED TO HAZARDS

  • Near Volcanoes (danger zones) - Volcanic

  Eruption - pyroclastic materials, lahar flow

  ● River Banks and Esteros - Flooding or Flash

  Floods

  ● Open Fields - Thunderstorm, Halistorm,

  Blizzard

  ● Near Oil Depots - Oil Spill POllution
• AREAS/LOCATION EXPOSED TO HAZARDS

  Near Mining Project - Toxic Waste - heavy

  metal, lead, mercury, nitric acid

  Near Chemical Plants - Chemical Fumes,

  Chemical Waste

  ● Near Nuclear Plants - Nuclear Waste, Technical

  Failure, Leaks

  ● Near Factories - Factory Waste, Pollution

  ● Unsafe Building Structures - Fire

  ● Public Places in Mega Cities - Terrorists
• 6 Disaster From Different Perspective

  Physical

  Psychological

  Socio-cultural

  Economic

  Political

  Environmental
• phases of DRRM:

  ● Prevention

  ● Mitigation

  ● Preparedness

  ● Recovery
• Exposure refers to the “elements at risk”

  from a natural or man-made hazard

  event.
• RISK FACTORS:

  1. Human Beings

  2. Dwellings or households or

  communities

  3. Buildings and structures

  4. Public facilities and infrastructure

  assets

  5. Public transport systems

  6. Agricultural commodities

  7. Environment assets
• VULNERABILITY The characteristics and circumstances

  of a community system or asset that

  make it susceptible to the damaging

  effects of a hazard.
• COMMUNITY PREPAREDNESS

  Building CODES

  Scientific Monitoring AND Early Warning SYSTEMS

  Community Networks

  Emergency Planning
• DEALING WITH AFTER EFFECTS

  Insurance cover

  Aid request

  emergency personnel
• 4 Main types of vulnerability

  Physical

  Social

  Economic

  Environmental
• Risk signifies the possibility of adverse effects

  in the future.
• Risk =(Hazard*Exposure*Vulnerability)/Capacity
• HAZARDS

  ● Are those elements of the physical environment

  harmful to man and caused by forecasts

  extraneous to (Burton, at. Al., 1978)
• HAZARDS

  A source of potential harm in a situation with

  potential. (Standards Australia, 2000)
• HAZARDS

  A natural event that has the potential to cause

  harm or loss. (Asian Disaster Preparedness

  Center - ADPC)
• USGS (United States Geological Survey) Hazard

  terminologies defined Hazard as

  ● A phenomenon or situation, that has the potential

  to cause disruption or damage to people, their

  property, their services, and their environment.
• Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a

  theoretical risk of harm.
• However, once a hazard becomes “active”, it can

  create an emergency
• A hazardous situation that has come to pass is

  called an incident
• Hazard and possibility interact together to create

  risk.
• General Classification of Hazards

  Natural, Quasi-natural, Technological or Human-made
• The natural processes(or hazards) that are the

  triggers for natural disasters are broadly classified

  into six categories:

  GEOPHYSICAL, HYDROLOGICAL, METEOROLOGICAL, CLIMATOLOGICAL, BIOLOGICAL, EXTRATERRESTRIAL
• TYPES OF HAZARD

  ● Hewitt and Burtch (1971) provided a typology

  of hazards as follows.

  Atmospheric (Single Element), Atmospheric (Combined Element), Hydrologic, Geologic, Biologic, Technologic
• According to International Center for

  Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)

  the impacts of various hazards vary in severity

  and vary regarding how long they last.
• 6 COMMON LONG-TERM IMPACTS

  OF NATURAL HAZARDS:

  Physical, psychological, socio-cultural, economic, environmental, biological
• Earthquake, also known as quake, tremor,

  temblor, is the perceptible shaking of the

  surface of the earth, resulting from the sudden

  release of energy in the Earth’s crust that

  creates seismic waves.
• A hazard map is a map that highlights areas

  that are affected by or are vulnerable to a

  particular hazard. They are typically created for

  natural hazards, such as earthquakes,

  volcanoes, landslides, flooding, and tsunamis.

  Hazard maps help prevent serious damage and

  deaths.
• PARTS OF THE HAZARD MAP

  ● Title

  ● Map Ruler or Bar Scale

  ● Orientation Compass

  ● Legend
• Volcanic Hazards are phenomena arising from

  volcanic activity that pose a potential threat to

  persons or property in a given area within a

  given period.
• EXPOSURE AND VULNERABILITY

  The severity of the impacts of disasters and other

  extreme weather and climate events depends stronglyon the level of vulnerability and exposure to these

  events.
• METEOROLOGICAL

  This hazard constitutes short-lived events

  having a time span of minutes to a few

  days and is caused by micro- (< 1 km) to

  meso scale (2-2000 km) atmospheric

  conditions that can be exacerbated by global

  climate change
• CLIMATOLOGICAL

  A hazard linked with variability in climate

  over a broad time-span ranging from

  intra-season to multi-decade at a meso to

  macто- (>2000 km) scale