acids bases buffers

• Who is the presenter of the video on acids, bases, and buffers?

  Chris Harris
• What is the purpose of the video on acids, bases, and buffers?

  To serve as a revision tool for OCR
• What should students do to practice their knowledge on this topic?

  Use exam questions for practice
• What does the OCR specification ensure about the video content?

  It covers all necessary points for OCR
• What is the link provided in the video for?

  To purchase the set of slides
• What is the significance of the history of acid-base theory?

  It shows how scientific theories evolve
• Who discovered the link between oxygen and acids?

  Antoine Lavoisier
• What did Lavoisier suggest about all acids?

  All acids must contain oxygen
• What was a limitation of Lavoisier's theory on acids?

  He was unaware of hydrochloric acid
• What did Svante Arrhenius propose about acids and bases?

  Acids donate protons, bases release hydroxide
• What is the result of an acid-base reaction according to Arrhenius?

  They form salt and water
• What was a limitation of Arrhenius's theory regarding ammonia?

  Ammonia does not release hydroxide ions
• Who improved Arrhenius's theory in 1923?

  Bronsted and Lowry
• What do Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases define?

  Acids are proton donors, bases are acceptors
• What happens when an acid reacts with water according to Bronsted-Lowry?

  It releases H+ ions into solution
• What is the hydronium ion?

  H3O+ formed from H+ in water
• What does HA represent in acid-base reactions?

  An acid in reaction equations
• What do Bronsted-Lowry bases do in water?

  They react with H+ ions to form OH-
• What is a diprotic acid?

  An acid that donates two protons
• How many moles of H+ does sulfuric acid produce?

  Two moles of H+ ions
• What is the reaction between acids and bases called?

  Neutralization reaction
• What do H+ ions from acids react with in neutralization?

  OH- ions from alkalis
• What is produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with lithium hydroxide?

  Lithium chloride and water
• What is the role of spectator ions in ionic equations?

  They do not participate in the reaction
• What do metal oxides produce when reacting with acids?

  Salt and water
• What is the result of a reaction between magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid?

  Magnesium chloride and water
• What do metal hydroxides produce when reacting with acids?

  Salt and water
• What is produced when sodium hydroxide reacts with sulfuric acid?

  Sodium sulfate and water
• What do metal carbonates produce when reacting with acids?

  Salt, water, and carbon dioxide
• What is the result of lithium carbonate reacting with nitric acid?

  Lithium nitrate, carbon dioxide, and water
• What is a conjugate pair in acid-base chemistry?

  Linked by the transfer of a proton
• What is the conjugate acid of a base?

  The species that gains a proton
• What does water form when it reacts with acids?

  H3O+, the conjugate acid
• What does water form when it reacts with bases?

  OH-, the conjugate base
• How do Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases react?

  According to the equilibrium of proton transfer
• What is the general acid-base equation in Bronsted-Lowry theory?

  HA + B ⇌ BH+ + A-
• What is the conjugate base of HA?

  A- after losing a proton
• What is the conjugate acid of B?

  BH+ after gaining a proton
• What is the significance of H3O+ in acid solutions?

  It indicates acidity in solution
• What is the significance of OH- in base solutions?

  It indicates basicity in solution