Chem topic 5

• what does a mole ratio look like?

  moles per moles (mole/mole)(A/B)
• where do you get the numbers for mole ratios?

  coefficients
• what is a hydrocarbon?

  a molecule made of hydrogen and carbon
• what are fossil fuels made out of a lot of the time?

  hydrocarbons
• methane is ___genic

  biogenic
• what is this molecule?

  methane

  
• how many H and C are in methane?

  1C 4H
• what is this molecule?

  butane

  
• how many H and C does butane have?

  10H 4C
• what is this molecule?

  propane

  
• how many H and C does propane have?

  8H 3C
• what is this molecule?

  octane

  
• how many H and C does octane have?

  18H 8C
• what is this molecule?

  ethanol

  
• how many H, C, and O are there in ethanol?

  5H, 2C, 1O
• what kinds of bonds have less energy?

  bonds with oxygen, double bonds
• what kinds of molecules have more energy?

  ones with more H/C
• the more H/C bonds to break, the...

  more energy
• what enzymes break corn starch into glucose?


  amylase and amyloglucosidase
• what molecules are extracted from corn before they become glucose?

  amylopectin and amylose
• bacterial breakdown of glucose is what form of respiration?

  anaerobic fermentation
• what molecule is used when making cellulosic ethanol?

  cellulose
• what enzyme breaks down cellulose into glucose?

  cellulase
• why does a hydrolysis reaction need to happen to make cellulosic ethanol?

  turning cellulose into glucose takes time/pressure (fossil fuels)
• what is the catalyst of the hydrolysis reaction when making cellulosic ethanol?

  acid, offers H
• what happens once plant material is turned into glucose?

  bacteria break it down and excrete ethanol
• what is used in cellulosic ethanol that is not used in corn ethanol?

  any type of plant material can be used
• what are the corn starch molecules called?

  amylose and amylopectin
• what are the properties of gas?

  no definite shape/volume, uniformly fills container, exerts pressure on its surroundings, changes volume with temperature/pressure, much less dense than liquids/solids
• why does gas uniformly fill its container and exert pressure on its surroundings?

  dispersion (of molecules)
• why is gas less dense than liquids/soldids?

  less mass per volume
• gasses are not measured in mass, what are they measured in?

  volume
• what is the equation of the ideal gas law?

  PV=nRT
• what is the equation of R?

  atm x L/mol x K
• what is the equation to convert to K?


  K = c + 273
• what is volume always measured in in ideal gas law?

  L
• when volume goes down, _______ goes up

  pressure
• increase in moles, increase in ______

  volume
• increase in temp, increase in ______

  volume
• increase in temp, increase in ________

  pressure