Chapter 11/12

• Coccus Morphology:

  
• Bacillus Morphology:

  
• Spirillum Morphology:

  
• Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells
• Snapping Division: The daughter cell grows and the tension snaps the outer portion of the cell wall. Causes V-shape and Palisade.
• Budding: Asexual reproduction where the parent cell that produces a new daughter cell but doesn‘t die once its produced.
• Mitosis: A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent cell
• Meiosis: A form of cell division that reduces the number of chromosome sets from diploid (n) to haploid (n). It is used by sexually reproducing organisms to create gametes.
• Interphase: The first phase of the cell cycle, during which the cell grows and copies its DNA.
• Prophase: In mitosis or meiosis, the stage at which the nuclear envelope breaks down, centrioles move toward opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers begin to form between them.
• Late Prophase 1: Exchange sections of DNA in a random via a process called crossing over.
• Metaphase: In mitosis or meiosis, the stage at which sister chromatids line up along the equatorial plane of the cell.
• Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
• Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell
• Telophase: Nuclear envelopes reform around the new nuclei; cytokinesis occurs (in animal cells).
• Cytokinesis: Division of cytoplasm into two daughter cells.
• Haploid: A cell that has one copy of each chromosome.
• Diploid: A cell that has two sets of chromosomes.
• Chromosome: A threadlike structure of DNA that carries genetic information.
• Chromatid: A single strand of DNA that is the product of DNA replication.
• Homologous: Having the same structure, but different function.
• Ploidy: The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.