LESSON 4

• spoken mode is often associated with everyday registers while the written mode is strongly associated with academic registers
• multi-modality or the use of multiple models including spoken,, written modes and images, music, videos, gestures, etc.
• Language

  ----varies when communicating with people within (local) and outside (global) our community

  ----varies in speaking and in writing. 

  ----varies in everyday and specialized discourses
• Local everyday written - This may include instances ____ usage found in the neighborhood posters (e.g. a poster looking for transient/bed spacers).
• Local everyday oral - may occur in local communications among neighbors in everyday, informal and local varieties of languages.
• Local specialized written - An example of ____ usage can be found in the publication and web sites of local societies such as the Baguio Midland Courier.
• Local specialized oral - it involves ____ discourses. For example, in a computer shop in the neighborhood, specialized local usage can be found (e.g. specialized computer game-related vocabulary is used)
• Global everyday written - avoids local colloquialisms to make the text accessible to wider communities of readers. This can be found in international editions of newspapers and magazines. 
• Global everyday oral - may occur in interactions between people coming from different parts of the world when they talk about everyday casual topics.
• Global specialized written - expands to as many readers internationally, hence the non- usage of local colloquial expressions (e.g. international research journal articles) 
•  Global specialized oral - occurs when people from different parts of the world discuss specialized topics in spoken form (e.g. paper presentation sessions in an international academic conference). 
• Frozen

  This style of communication rarely or never changes.
• Frozen

  • This is official business and educational language which features complete sentences and specific word choice, which often contains archaisms.
• Formal / Academic

  This language is used in ___ setting and is one-way. This use of language usually follows a commonly accepted format. It is often used to show respect. Word selection is more sophisticated, and certain words are always or never used depending on the situation.
• Formal / Academic

  • In a this register, the story structure focuses on the plot: It has a beginning and ending and it weaves sequence, cause and effect, characters, and consequences into the plot.
• Consultative

  It is a standard form of communications. Users engage in a mutually accepted structure of interfaces. It is formal and societal expectations accompany the users of speech.
• Consultative

  This register can be described as two-way participation, professional setting, background information is provided (prior knowledge is not assumed), interruptions and feedback fillers allowed (“uh-huh,” “I see”), more complex syntax, and longer phrases.
• Consultative

  Sentence structure need not be complete, since non-verbal assists, hand movements and body language, are often used to convey meaning.
• Casual / Informal

  The language used in conversation with friends. A casual register is characterized by 400- to 500- word vocabulary, broken sentences, and interruptions are common.
•  Casual / Informal

  Very informal language, idioms, ellipsis, and slang are common. No background information is provided, “group” language – must be a member to use, interruptions are common, and context and non-verbal communication are important.
•  Casual / Informal

  General word choice and conversation are dependent upon non-verbal assists. The focus of the story is characterization. It is an indirect, random approach with many omissions and does not have a sequence, cause, and effect, or consequence.
•  Intimate

  This communication is private. It is reserved for close family members or intimate relations.
•  Intimate

  It is non-public, the intonation is as crucial as wording and grammar, and often a special vocabulary full of coded words is used.
• Register use can help you communicate effectively. Nevertheless, appropriate register use depends on the situation and the tone of voice you use.
• Register use.

  Incorrect use of this can cause problems at work, cause people to ignore you, or, at best, send the wrong message
• Academic and professional writings are characterized by bias-free language.
• Racism is a form of discrimination against a person or persons of a different race.
• Red Indians should be called as: Native American
• Filipinos of Chinese should be referred as: Filipino Chinese.
• Sexism refers to the prejudice and discrimination based on sex or gender.
• chairperson in place chairman

  flight attendant in place of stewardess

  labor in place of manpower.
• Class discrimination or classism is a form of prejudice against a person or people because of their social class.
• Ageism is a form of discrimination against other people because of their age, or assuming that older people are less physically, intellectually, or emotionally able than other age groups.
• GIRLS AND BOYS ARE FOR UNDER - 18
• WOMEN AND MEN ARE FOR ABOVE 18
• limp - is an impairment in which a leg or foot is damaged or stiff.