Chemical Bonding 3

• Compound


  • the combination of different kinds of atoms
  • formation of molecules to form a compound
• Electrons


  Negatively charged particles which orbit the nucleus
• Valence Electrons


  Outermost electrons located in valence shell
• Octet Rule


  The natural tendency of elements to get 8 valence electrons in their valence shell
• Protons


  Positively charged particles at the middle of an atom
• Science's Big Question: 'Where did everything come from?'
• Elements


  • comes from atoms
  • pure substances
  • is made up of only one kind of atom
• Atoms


  • Has a nucleus at the center
  • Uniquely defines a chemical element
  • A particle of matter
  • Smallest unit of matter
• Molecules


  • Formed from the bonding of elements
  • Comes from or is the combination or compound of elements
  • A neutral particle made up of two or more similar atoms bonded together
  • No electrical charge
• Chemical Bonds


  • Important in creating compounds
  • Also refers to the formation of a chemical
  • Bonding which then forms compounds
  • Is represented by line in Lewis’s diagram
  • A maximum of 3 bonds between two elements Peach bond is counted as the valence electrons
• Lone pairs


  2 dots that are together in the same atom but are not bonded
• All compounds are molecules but not all molecules are compounds
• Valence Shell


  Outermost shell of an atom
• Nucleons


  Either protons or neutrons
• Neutrons


  Equally charged or neutrally charged particles in an atom
• Energy level or shell


  • The orbit or where the electron orbits
  • Contain a specific number of electrons per level
  • Level 1 → 2 electrons
  • Level 2 + → 8 electrons
• Nucleus


  Houses two types of nucleons namely: protons and neutrons
• Lewis Dot Structure or Lewis Diagram


  Shows the number of valence electrons per element, and how they are bonded
• Atomic Number


  • states the number of protons and electrons
  • number of electron and proton is always the same on neutral atoms.
• Electronegativity


  • chemical property which is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons toward itself
  • affected by Atomic number and the distance of its valence electrons from the charged nuclei
• Types of Chemical Bonding:

  1. Ionic Bonding
  2. Covalent or Molecular Bonding
  3. Metallic Bonding
• Ionic Bonding


  • non metal + metal
  • taking of electrons
  • Polyatomic ionic compound
• Polyatomic ionic compound: when there are more non metal in the compound
• Covalent or Molecular Bonding


  • Sharing of Electrons to get stability or 8ve
  • non-metals only
  • shared valence electrons are owned by both atoms
  • low electronegativity