M3: Patterns of Development in Writing

Created by

Ayen B.

Cards (21)

Narration refers to telling a story or recounting a series of events. It can be based on personal experience or knowledge gained from reading or observation. Some narratives simply tell what happened or establish an interesting or useful fact. Most narration stories go beyond merely reciting events and the lives they portray. However, narratives of personalexperience offer lessons and insights. An effective narrative is more than just a chronological sequence of events that happen to the character in a typical day. It should contain some element of drama and tension.
Elements of Narrative Paragraph

Setting
Characters
Plot
Point of View: First person POV, Second person POV, Third person POV
DescriptionIn a descriptive paragraph, the writer uses sensory details such as sights, sounds, smells, tastes, feelings, and texture to create vivid images in thereader’s mind. The writer often uses spatial order to create a clear visual image of a person, place, object, or scene. Description is often used to establish a mood or atmosphere.
Two Types of Descriptive Paragraph: Objective Description and Subjective Description
Definition: A definition explains what a term means. When you want your readers to know exactly how you are using a certain term or an unfamiliar concept, you use definition. Using definition to develop an idea helps to clarify and explain concepts by answering the question “What does it mean?”
An exemplification pattern presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound the main idea. This pattern is used to provide an example or something
Classification
It organizes ideas into categories or divisions based on criteria and standards. This pattern can be used when classifying people, objects, events, things, places, and other items. In division, we divide a general category of things into smaller subcategories
Comparison and Contrast
Comparison tells how two things are similar, on the other hand, contrast tells how they are different. A comparison and contrast paragraph can do either or both. You can use a Venn Diagram or a comparison-contrast matrix in this pattern
Cause and Effect
A cause is what makes a particular thing happen. An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior. You can write this pattern when your purpose is to help readers understand why something happened or is happening, or when you want to show readers how one thing affects something else. In this pattern, you can organize your ideas into two ways: identify the effect in the topic sentence and write about its cause; or write about the cause in the topic sentence and write about its effects
Problem- Solution
This pattern organizes ideas into problems and proposed solutions. The problem section usually includes the what, who, when, where, why, and how of the problem. The other part then presents the major effects of the problem and the possible solutions to address it, as well as the steps in implementing the solution
Persuasion
It organizes ideas to show how a set of evidence leads to a logical conclusion or argument. Specifically, this pattern presents the issue, the position, and the supporting evidence that supports the stand
Pattern: Narration
Use: storytelling
Example: autobiography or biography, myth, recount of an event, anecdote
Signal Words: first, so, then, finally, at last
Pattern: Description
Use: creating an accurate, vivid, or verbal picture of an object, geographic feature, setting, event, person, or image
Example: a favorite biblical character, the beauty of sunset, a role model
Signal Words: above, across, along, behind, beneath, beside, down, farther, inside, outside, throughout, under
Pattern: Definition
Use: explaining the meaning of something
Example: unlocking the meaning of a superhero, false humility
Signal Words: is defined as, as defined, means, refers, to define, to illustrate
Pattern: Exemplification
Use: providing enough specific examples to support the main idea
Example: personal testimony, choice of a TV network for its wholesome shows
Signal Words: as an example, consider the following, in other words, in particular, specifically, to clarify, to illustrate
Pattern: Classification
Use: breaking a large subject into categories based on the consistent and useful principle of division
Example: bodies of water, native dishes, cartoon characters
Signal Words: another, classified as, one kind, the first category, the last group, the next part
Pattern: Comparison and Contrast
Use: noting the similarities and differences of two or more persons, places, events, objects, conditions, feelings, and the like
Example: the rich and famous vs. the poor and unknown, rural vs. urban living
Signal Words: Also, as, in comparison, like, likewise, similarly, to compare, but, although, despite, even so, in contrast, instead, however, otherwise, unlike, whereas, yet
Pattern: Cause and Effect
Use: discussing the source of something produced and its eventual results
Example: spiritual enlightenment, academic success, multiculturalism
Signal Words: as, because, due to, for, for that reason, in view of, since, seeing that
Pattern: Problem-Solution
Use: addressing problems and calling for specific actions as solutions to the former
Example: poverty, corruption, racism
Signal Words: but, first, second, nonetheless, one reason for the, one solution is, one way is, the problem, the solution
Pattern: Persuasion
Use: convincing to believe and eventually acting on someone's belief or opinion
Example: A politician convincing the public during the campaign to vote for him/her, debates, job advertisement, product endorsements.
Signal Words: In that case, indeed, truly, all in all, in a nutshell, therefore, thus, no doubt, assuredly, needless to say. obviously, true
Patterns:
narration
description
definition
exemplification
classification
comparison and contrast
cause and effect
problem-solution
persuasion