Phase equilibria

• What is the formula for chemical potential?

  G / n
• What is the formula for gibbs at a solid-liquid transition?

  G = V * Change in P
• What is the formula for gibbs at a liquid-gas transition?

  G = RTln(P2/P1)
• What is the formula for gibbs at a solid-gas transition?

  G = -S * change in T
• What is the triple point?

  the temperature and pressure at which all three phases of matter coexist in an equilibrium
• What is a critical point (constant volume)?

  Temperature at which you can no longer obtain a liquid
• What is the clausius equation?

  dp/dt = Htrans / T *V
• What is the Clausius-Clapeyron equation?

  ln[(P2/P1)]= (-ΔH/R)*[(1/T2) - (1/T1)]
• What condition is achieved when a solution is diluted?

  Molarity = Molality
• What is Raoult's Law?

  Pi = Xi * Pi
• What is the formula for chemical potential for ideal solutions?


  μi = μi* + RTln Xi
• What is the formula for chemical potential for real solutions?


  μi = μi° + RTlnAi
• What is the gibbs energy for a mixture?

  Gmixture - Ginitial = n(X1lnX1 + X2lnX2)
• When gibbs is maximum what are the conditions that occur?

  ΔG <0

  ΔS >0

  ΔH = 0
• Why does ΔH = 0 at maxiumum gibbs?

  No heat is exchanged and all components follow raoults law
• What are colligative properties?

  Properties that depend on the number of particles of a solute
• What is the formula for boiling point elevation?

  ΔTb = Kb * Msolute
• What is the formula for freezing point depression?


  ΔTf = Kf * M solute
• What is the formula for Mb (molality)?

  Mb = KfWb / TfWa
• What is osmotic pressure?

  The amount of pressure required to stop the osmotic flow of water.
• What is the formula for osmosis?


  π = RTB(1-constantB)
• What is rearranged formula of osmosis?

  π/RTCb = 1/Mb +A2Cb
• What is the formula of osmomalility?

  iaMa + ibMb