TD2

• What is the formula for entropy?


  S = Qrev / T
• What is entropy?


  Measure of dispersion of matter and energy in a system
• What is the second law?

  Entropy of an isolated system tends to increase in an isolated system
• What is the standard molar entropy change for a phase transition?


  S = Htr/ T tr
• What is the formula for entropy with a change of temperature?


  S = Cp Ln(T2/T1)
• What is the third law?

  Entropy of all perfectly crystalline substances are 0 at 0k
• What is the absolute entropy?

  ∫ Cp / T dT
• What is the formula for Gibb's energy?

  G = H - TS
• What is the formula for change in gibbs?

  ∆G = ∆H - T∆S
• When is Gibbs spontaneous?

  ∆G < 0
• What is the fundamental equation of TD?

  dE = TdS - PdV
• What is the fromula for dH?

  dH = TdS + VdP
• What is the formula of dG?

  dG = VdP - SdT
• What is the formula of dA?

  dA = -PdV - SdT
• What is an equation that links S , G and T at constant P?

  -S = (dG / dT )p
• What is an equation that links V , G and p at constant T?

  V = (dG / dP) t
• What are examples of the hydrophobic effect?

  Human carbonyl reductase (presents mainly hydrophilic residues to its aqueous environment and shields hydrophobic ones in its core)

  
  

  Bacteriorhodopsin exposes mostly hydrophobic residues to its lipid bilayer environment
• What are Surfactants?

  Amphiphilic molecules that change the surface tension
• Why is there surface tension?

  Imbalance of interactions makes liquid surfaces to contract to the minimum area so droplets form
• What is the Boltzmann equation?

  S = KlnΩ
• Why is the hydrophobic effect an entropy driven effect?

  The change of structures to avoid H2O causes a decrease in entropy of water and so the dispersal of the hydrophobic molecule into the water is entropy opposed; so its coalescence is entropy favored
• What is the formula of dA?