Feminism

• Feminisation of the curriculum

  Teaches how to become collective, rather than individual
• Women are more vocal when it comes to group work than men
• Changes were made to assessments
• Women were more likely to succeed in coursework than men
• More female teachers are present within schools
• Less male teachers are present
• In primary and secondary education, female teachers are more vocal and seen, in comparison to male teachers
• Hidden curriculum


  Operates inside schools and reinforces the gender-stereotyped socialisation they experience in the family (primary socialisation) and wider society (secondary socialisation)
• Liberal feminism (second wave feminism)


  • They believe by removing all inequalities, the education system would be equal to all sexes
  • Want men and women to have the same rights
• Radical feminism


  • Believe that men create a bad influence over education
  • Radical feminists see patriarchy as the principal end and aim of current social structures
• Black and difference feminism (aka intersectional feminism / fourth wave feminism)


  • Race, gender, and class discrimination are all aspects of the same system of hierarchy
  • Minority-ethnic, working class women are the most discriminated against within society
  • Aim for equality
  • Men and women will always be different
  • Men and women bring different values
  • Women are superior to men
• The sex Discrimination act had a big impact on women's lives
• Oakley distinguishes sex and gender
• Sex differences are fix, gender differences vary over time
• Views of women can be perceived differently, depending on society
• Dworkin (1946)


  • Jewish-American radical feminist
  • Was a survivor of multiple gender based violences
  • Dworkin denies sex work and pornography as these can cause violence to women and can dehumanize them
  • Sex work and pornography can increase sexual acts upon women, such as rape, sex traffiking and exploitation
• Some feminists disagree with Dworkin as sex work and pornography can benefit women if all is consensual and portrays women in a positive way/light
• Combahee River collective (1970's)

  • Recognized the double oppression of sexism and racism that black women face
  • Integral to the distinction between their movement and 'white feminism'