Cyclotron and Linac

Created by

Rafael Lam

Cards (7)

For very high energy electrons, successive drift tubes have the same length, Why?
Electrons approach the speed of light there is no appreciable increase in speed
velocity is constant and electrons spend same time in drift tubes so S=vt must be constant
Main equations for Cyclotron and Linacs
F = Bqv
F = mv^2/r
V = 2πr/T
Explain the use of electric fields in a Linac
Particles are accelerated by electric field in gaps
Frequency is constant so time spent in each drift tube is constant
This is from the increasing length of the tube
The polarity changes it is always accelerating particles
Explain why a magnetic field is applied at right angles to the dees in cyclotron
Particles experience a force at right angles to their velocity
This causes centripetal force
Explain how a cyclotron produces the high energy proton beam. (6)
There is an alternating p.d / E field
E field accelerates electron through the gap
Magnetic field is perpendicular to dees
So proton path is curved by magnetic field
As velocity increases radius of path in dees increase as well
time spent by proton in dees is constant
Explain why distances between drift tubes increase in first section of linac but are almost equally spaced in the last section of linac? (6)
Electrons accelerate in the gaps
Frequency of a.c supply is constant
Time taken for an electron between tubes is constant
Electrosn travel further in a fixed time with a higher speed s = vt
In the last section of linac, the electron approaches the speed of light
Speed nearly becomes constant so distance travelled nearly becomes constant
Which type of collision is more likely to produce new particles with largest mass
Fixed target - momentum of two beams is zero before collision
Colliding beams - there will be more kinetic energy available
All of the kinetic energy of the two beams available can be converted to mass so colliding beams is more likely to produce a particle with larger mass