Fertilisers

• Essential elements for plants

  Nitrogen (N)

  Phosphorus (P)

  Potassium (K)
• Ammonia

  • Colourless gas,
  • ph of 11,
  • Soluble in water,
  • Forms alkaline solution when dissolved water,
  • Called Ammonium Hydroxide: $NH_4^+$$OH^-$
• Ammonia

  • Is a covalent molecule
  • Ammonium ion: $NH_4^+$, is a charged particle usually in solution
• Haber Process

  • Exothermic reaction
  • Reversible reaction
  • Requires moderately high temperature
  • Iron catalyst used to speed up reaction
  • Able to recycle unused gases
• Ostwald Process

  • Exothermic reaction
  • Uses platinum catalyst
  • Produces nitric acid
• Ostwald Process

  • $4NO_2 +$$O_2 +$$2H_2O \to 4HNO_3$
  • Ammonia + Oxygen + Water → Nitric acid
• Haber Process

  • $N_2 +$$3H_2 ⇌ 2NH_3$
  • Nitrogen + Hydrogen ⇌ Ammonia