AR for s20

• What is the actus reus of s20?

  The defendant unlawfully wounds or inflicts grievous bodily harm to another
• What are the four elements to the actus reus of s20?

  Unlawfully, Wound OR Inflict, GBH
• What is the "Unlawfully" element of the actus reus?

  Where there is no defence or the victim has consent
• What is the "Wound" element of the actus reus?

  A break in the skin that causes external bleeding
• What are two cases that state a "wound" is a break in the skin causing external bleeding?

  Moriarty v Brookes or JCC v Eisenhower
• What is the "Inflict" element of the actus reus?

  Inflict means 'cause' - normal rules on causation
• What is the "GBH" element of the actus reus?

  Really serious injury such as long-term/permanent injury or injury requiring extensive treatment
• What does the case "DPP v Smith" tell us 'Grievous bodily harm' means?

  Really serious harm
• What case tells us 'Grievous bodily harm' means 'really serious harm'?

  DPP v Smith
• What can 'Grievous bodily harm' additionally include?

  Less serious injuries if the victim is vulnerable, multiple ABHs or psychiatric injury
• What case tells us that 'Grievous bodily harm' can include less serious injuries if the victim is vulnerable?

  R v Bollom
• What case tells us that 'Grievous bodily harm' can include multiple ABHs?

  R v Brown and Stratton
• What case tells us that 'Grievous bodily harm' can include psychiatric injury?

  R v Burstow
• What are some examples of GBH?

  Broken bones, stab wounds, bullet wounds, permanent injuries (brain damage or disability), internal bleeding, loss of limbs or psychiatric conditions
• What do the cases of "Moriarty v Brookes and JCC v Eisenhower" tell us a wound is?

  A break in the continuity of the skin
• What does the case of "R v Bollom" tell us about GBH?

  It can include less serious injuries if the victim is vunerable
• What does the case of "R v Brown and Stratton" tell us about GBH?

  It can include multiple ABHs
• What does the case of "R v Burstow" tell us about GBH?

  It can include psychiatric injury