AR - Assault

• What are the four elements of the actus reus of assault?

  Apprehend, Immediate, Unlawful, Personal violence
• What are examples of assault?

  A verbal threat, a non-verbal gesture, chasing another, an intimidating glare at another, a threat of force via letter or e-mail or text, a threatening social media post, prank phone calls (silent calls), throwing an item at another but missing and spitting at another but missing
• What case defines what 'Apprehend' means?

  Lamb
• What is 'Apprehend' defined as in Lamb?

  The victim must be aware that they are about to subjected to violence
• Does there need to be an actual threat to 'apprehend' violence?

  No
• What case states that there doesn't need to be an actual threat to 'apprehend' violence?

  Lodgon
• What can the conduct that causes the victim to 'apprehend' be?

  Actions, words (written or spoken) or silence
• What case states that the conduct that causes the victim to 'apprehend' can be silence?

  Ireland
• What case states that the conduct that causes the victim to 'apprehend' can be written?

  Constanza
• What case states that words can negate an assault?

  Tuberville
• What does Tuberville say about assault?

  Words can negate an assault
• How is 'immediate' satisfied?

  If the victim did not know what the defendant was going to do next but believes they'd be subject to violence in the very near future
• What is a case for 'immediate'?

  Smith
• What is the 'personal violence' element of the actus reus of assault?

  The victim needs to apprehend even the slightest touch
• What is the 'unlawful' element of the actus reus of assault?

  Where there's no defence
• What does the case of Logdon tell us about an apprehension?

  There does not need to be an actual threat
• What do the cases of Constanza and Ireland tell us about an apprehension?

  The conduct that causes the victim to apprehend can be written (Constanza) words or silence (Ireland)
• What does the case of "Tuberville v Savage" tell us about an apprehension?

  Words can also negate an assault
• What does the case of Smith tell us about 'immediate'?

  'Immediate' is satisfied if the victim did not know what the defendant was going to do next
• What does Logdon state about an apprehension?

  Doesn't need to be an actual threat