SOCIAL STUDIES - Qtr 3

• The vice president's most important role is to assume the duties of the president if the president cannot perform his/her functions. The vice president ensures that the republic remains stable in case of emergency and may serve as one of the members of the Cabinet
• The foremost duty of the government is to serve the people and promote their welfare and well-being. It exercises political control and direction over the actions of its members, citizens, and inhabitants
• Article VII, Section 1 of the 1987 Constitution states that the president is both the head of the government and of the state. The president has direct control and supervision of his/her Cabinet members, also known as department secretaries. The president has the power to implement the laws, formulate programs that will benefit the people, and administer the offices of the government. As the head of the state, the president represents the republic in the world community
• The government is one of the four elements of our country, it is an organization
• As the chief executive of the country, the president has powers and responsibilities including control over all executive departments, bureaus, and offices, appointing all members of his/her Cabinet, ambassadors, consuls, officers of the armed forces, heads of bureaus and offices, members of the Supreme Court, the heads of the Sandiganbayan, and the heads of the Constitutional Commissions
• The qualifications required for those seeking the presidential and vice presidential positions include being a natural-born Filipino citizen, a registered voter, able to read and write, at least 40 years of age on the day of the election, and a resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years before the election
• Under the 1987 Constitution, the three branches of the national government are: Executive (composed of the president, vice president, and the Cabinet members), Legislative (divided into the Senate and House of Representatives), Judiciary (composed of the Supreme Court and the lower courts)
• The Vice President performs tasks and assignments ordered by the president, cooperates with the president in the various programs of the government, and performs other tasks as provided by the law
• The members of the Cabinet are all appointees of the president and they serve at his/her pleasure. Cabinet members perform their tasks following the president's program for development and progress
• Budget allocation


  The budget allocated by Congress is used for all the operating expenses and programs of each department
• Program submission


  The Cabinet secretary is expected to submit his/her program for the incoming year to the president, subject to the president's approval
• Qualifications to become a Representative

  • Natural-born citizen of the Philippines
  • At least 25 years of age before the election
  • Registered voter in his/her district (except for party-list)
  • Resident of the Philippines for at least two years before the election
• Annual budget proposal


  The Cabinet or department secretary proposes an annual budget that the president incorporates into the national budget submitted to Congress
• Qualifications to become a Senator

  • Natural-born citizen of the Philippines
  • At least 35 years of age before the election
  • Can read and write
  • Registered voter
  • Resident of the Philippines for at least two years before the election
• Each department of the executive branch is headed by a Cabinet secretary
• The Philippines has a bicameral legislature with the Senate and the House of Representatives
• The Supreme Court is the highest court of the land in the Philippines
• Judicial power is the power to apply the law to disputes between individuals or others before the court
• Legal qualifications for members of the Supreme Court and lower courts

  • Natural-born citizen of the Philippines
  • Must be 40 years old
  • Must have served as a judge of a lower court for at least 15 years or in the practice of law in the Philippines
• Members of the judiciary enjoy permanent status and can only be removed by impeachment
• The judiciary promotes peace and order in the country

  By applying the law to disputes and ensuring justice
• Powers of the Supreme Court

  1. Exercise original jurisdiction over cases affecting ambassadors, ministers, and consuls

  2. Review, revise, reverse, modify, or affirm appeals, final judgments, and orders of the lower courts
• All members of the judiciary enjoy permanent status.
• Justices of the Supreme Court serve until they reach the age of 70.
• Department of Energy (DOE)

  Formulates policies and implements a comprehensive program for the efficient supply, distribution, and economical use of energy
• Department of Education (DepEd)


  In charge of quality basic education that is accessible to all and lays the foundation of lifelong learning and service for the common good
• Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)

  Promotes peace and order, ensures public safety and strengthens the capabilities of local government units
• Department of Health (DOH)

  Ensures access of all Filipinos to basic public health services through the provision of quality health care
• Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)


  Implements agrarian reform and sustainable development in the countryside
• Department of Agriculture (DA)

  Promotes agricultural development and growth of the country
• Department of Justice (DOJ)


  Responsible for upholding the rule of law in the country
• Government departments

  • Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR)
  • Department of Agriculture (DA)
  • Department of Budget and Management (DBM)
  • Department of Education (DepEd)
  • Department of Energy (DOE)
  • Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
  • Department of Health (DOH)
  • Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
  • Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
  • Department of Justice (DOJ)
  • Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)
  • Department of National Defense (DND)
  • National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)
  • Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)
  • Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
  • Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
  • Department of Tourism (DOT)
  • Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
  • Department of Transportation (DOTr)
• Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)

  In charge of the enhancement of national security and the protection of the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country
• Department of Budget and Management (DBM)


  In charge of efficient and effective management and utilization of government resources to achieve national socio-economic and political development goals
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)

  Responsible for the conservation, management, development, and proper use of the country's environment and natural resources
• Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE)

  Manages human resources, promotes and develops employment, protects and promotes workers' welfare, and maintains industrial peace
• Department of National Defense (DND)

  Responsible for protecting against external and internal threats and maintaining law and order throughout the country
• Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

  Ensures the safety of all infrastructures and secures all public works and highways' highest efficiency and quality of construction
• National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)


  Responsible for economic planning and development
• Department of Science and Technology (DOST)

  Implements programs for scientific and technological capabilities through manpower training and institution building