Structure of DNA

• DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
• DNA is located in all cells in the nucleus.
• DNA is the codes for your genes (traits).
• DNA is made up of nucleotides.
• DNA consists of two molecules that are arranged into a ladder-like structure called a Double Helix.
• A molecule of DNA is made of millions of tiny subunits called nucleotides.
• DNA is antiparallel (facing opposite sides).
• DNA is made up of nucleotides joined into long strands/chains by covalent bonds.
• Nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides.
• A nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
• The phosphate and the sugar form the backbone of the DNA molecule, and the bases form the rungs of the DNA.
• Adenine and Guanine are purines.
• Purines are a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring (2 rings).
• Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines.
• Pyrimidines are a six-membered sing (1 ring).
• There are covalent bonds between nucleotides.
• Chargaff's Rule: A=T and C=G
• There are hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.
• DNA has two strands of nucleotides sequences which are wound around each other.
• The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions.
• 1 gene = 1 protein.
• A gene is a section of DNA that codes for one protein.
• Each unique gene has a unique sequence of bases which codes the production of a unique protein.
• The proteins and combination of proteins give us our physical features.