REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• reproduction

  the process by which organisms make more organisms like themselves
• Female reproductive system

  to a collection of female internal & external body parts that is responsible for reproduction
• Female cell or gamete

  egg cell (ovum)
• main functions:

  intercourse

  pregnancy

  reproduction chid birth

  urination

  childbirth

  menstruation
• VULVA

  the external part of the Female reproductive organs, means "covering"
• MONS PUBIS

  the fleshy area located just above the top of the vaginal opening
• Labia Minora

  two pairs of small skin flaps that surround the vaginal opening

  Soft inner liplike folds of tissue that surround the other sex organs

  to protect the sensitive structures within the vulva
• Labia Majora

  two pairs of large skin Flaps that surround the vaginal opening

  Soft outer lipline folds of tissue that surround the other sex organs

  typically covered with pubic hair and contain sweat oil secreting glands

  serves several functions, including protecting the internal reproductive organs and maintaining moisture in the vulvar region
• Clitoris

  a small censory organ that is located toward the Front of the vulva where the folds of the labia join
• Urethra

  canal that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body
• vagina

  about 3 to 5 inches long in a grown woman

  It has muscular walls so that it can expand contract ability to become wider and narrower allows the vagina to accommodate something as slim as a tampon and as wide as a baby
• Purposes

  it is where the penis is inserted during sexual intercourse

  a baby taken out of a woman's body during childbirth

  it is a pathway called the birth canal

  provides the route for the menstrual blood the period to leave the body from the uterus.
• Cervix

  means "neck”

  the opening is very small (no wider than a straw)

  During childbirth, the cervix can expand to allow a baby to pass
• Uterus

  has a thick lining & muscular walls

  has the strongest muscles in the female body these muscles can expand and contract to accomodate a growing fetus and then help push the baby out during labor
• FALLOPIAN TUBE

  there are 2, each attached to a side of the uterus

  the narrow tubes that are passageways From the ovaries to the uterus
• Ovary

  they produce, store, release eggs into the Fallopian tubes in the process called ovulation

  each ovary measures about 1 1/2 to 2 inches in a grown woman

  Produces hormones (estrogen & progesterone)
• male reproductive system

  The collection of male internal & external body parts that are responsible for reproduction

  the main function is to produce sperm and deliver it to the Female reproductive system
• PUBERTY

  the process of physical changes through a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction
• Male Puberty Starts at around 12-13 yrs old

  increase in growth rate

  alterations in behavior

  enlargement of genitals

  the appearance of secondary sexual characteristics such as Facial hair
• SPERM male gamete

   0.002 inches (0.05 mm) size

  a healthy male can produce millions of sperm each day. The exact number can vary, but estimates range from several hundred million to over a billion sperm per day
• PARTS OF THE SPERM

  Head contains the genetic material and an enzyme

  that helps penetrate the egg

  Midpiece packed with mitochondria to provide energy for the journey

  Tail (flagellum) propels the sperm forward
• Semen

   a thick Fluid containing sperm & other secretions from the male reproductive system

  These fluids give nutrition & protection to the sperm to help them reach the egg for fertilization
• TESTICLES (Testes)

  it makes sperm (testosterone)

  males begin to produce 100 million sperm a day once they reach puberty
• testosterone

  the male sex hormone that influences sperm production causes Facial and body hair to grow, shoulders to broaden, and voice to deepen.
• SCROTUM

  the skin that covers the testes

  helps with temp. Control
• Penis

  the external male reproductive organ

  removes urine from the bladder and also delivers sperm to the female reproductive system
• Foreskin

  a piece of skin that partially covers the tip of the penis at birth
• circumcision

  is the removal of the foreskin from the tip of the penis
• Erection

  when the penis becomes hard to firm

  the blood vessels in the penis fill blood

  the penis must be erect for ejaculation to occur
• ejaculation

  when sperm are released from the penis

  one ejaculation contains 40-300 million sperm

  it is normal for a male to ejaculate during sleep, this is nocturnal emissions or "wet dreams”
• Urethra

   a tube that starts at the bladder and ends at the opening of the penis

  sperm also pass through during ejaculation but not

  at the same time as urine is carried
• EPIDIDYMIS

  a tightly coiled tube where sperm mature as they Pass through

  can be up to 20-23 Feet long
• Vas deferens

  the next portion of a narrow tube that sperm pass through can be up to 12 inches long
• Vasectomy

  the severing & tying off of the vas deferens

  once the vas deferens is severed, sperm will not be able to be ejaculated out of the penis
• SEMINAL VESICLES

   Found near the base of the urinary bladder produce thick secretions that nourish the sperm and help sperm move easier (semen)
• Prostate Gland

  about the size of a walnut

  secretes a thin milky fluid that protects the sperm from acid in the Female reproductive system
• Cowpers Gland

   Found near the urethra below the prostate gland secretes a clear fluid that protects the sperm from acid in the male urethra
• PATH OF SPERM TEV S PUP

  Testes - Epididymis - Vas deferens - Seminal Vesicle -Prostate Gland -> Urethra -> Penis → Ejaculated out of the Body
• Disease: A particular distinctive process in the body with a specific cause and characteristics

  Disorder: Irregularity, disturbance, or interruption of normal Functions
• Secondary dysmenorrhea

  severe pain during menstruation due to chemical imbalance