Noncommincable and lifestyle diseases

• Allergy

  • allergic reactions occur when a person's immune system reacts to normally harmless substance
• allergen

  • substance that causes a reaction
  • results to an inflammatory response which can range from uncomfortable to dangerous
• Common allergens

  1. Animal dander: fur
  2. Food: crustaceans,milk,eggs,peanuts,tree nuts, and soy sauce
  3. . Plants' pollen
  4. Medicine - prescription medicine: Penicillin and over-the-counter medicine: aspiring and herbal preparations
  5. Mold: mushrooms and mould spores
  6. Chemicals: industrial and household chemicals and chemical products
• Asthma

  • chronic lung disease, inflammation and narrowing of the airways
  • recurring periods of wheezing, chest pain, shortness of breath, and coughing
  • starts at childhood
  • narrowing of the tube = less air to flow into the lungs
  • swelling worsens = making the airways narrower
  • trigger cells in the airways to make more sticky mucus = further narrow the airway
  • Smoking is risky
• Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

  • includes all the diseases of the heart and circulation including coronary heart disease (angina and heart attack), heart failure, congenital heart disease, and stroke
  • AKA heart and circulatory disease
• • 8.2 million people worldwide have died from cancer in 2012
  • around 60% of world's total annual cases are from Afirca,Asia, Central and South America
  • more than 30% of cancer deaths have been prevented
  • majority of cancers: 90-95% - due to environmental factors such as economical and lifestyle
  • lifestyle factors: tobacco (25-30%), diet and obesity (30-35%), infections (15-20%) and stress
  • genetics is only 5-10% of the root cause of cancer
• Cancer

  • generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body
  • other term: malignant tumor
  • results from uncontrolled growth and spread of cells affecting almost any part of the body
  • can metastasize (spread) to distant sites and often invade surrounding tissues
  • can rapidly create abnormal cells then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs
  • may cause death
  • agents in our environment seem to cause cancer are called carcinogerms
  • root cause of cancer is unknown
• Diabetes

  • chronic disease, when th pancreas does not produce enough insulin or when the body does not use the insulin it produces
  • leads to an increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycaemia)
• Gestational diabetes is hyperglycaemia that if first recognized during pregnancy
• noncommunicable or lifestyle diseases - health problems and conditions that are nontransmissible and come as a result of one's modern lifestyle
• lifestyle has a big impact os one's health and life
• stress caused by:

  1. modern-day living
  2. poor eating habits
  3. sedentary lifestyle
  4. drug abuse
  5. tobacco and cigarette smoking
  6. lack of sleep
  7. alcohol drinking
• type 1 or insulin dependant or childhood-onset diabetes

  • lack of insulin production
• type 1 or non-insulin dependant or adult-onset diabetes

  • body's ineffective use of insulin
  • often results to body weight and physical activity
• Arthritis

  • means "join inflammation"
  • Inflammation - one of the body's natural reaction to disease or injury
  • includes: sweeling, pain, and stiffness
  • may last for a long time and recurs, can lead to tissue damage
  • inflammation of one or more of the joints
  • main symptoms: joint pain and stiffness - worsens by age
  • most common types: osteoarthritis, rheumatiod arthritis and gout
• Osteoarthritis - known as the degenerative joint disease the inflammation often occurs as the cartilage breaks down

  • degenerates with age
• Rheumatoid arthritis - when the body's immune system against disease mistakenly attacks itself and causes the joint to swell

  • inflammation then spreads to the surrounding tissues, and eventually damages the cartilage and bone
• Gout

  • painful condition
  • occurs when the body cannot eliminate a natural substance called uric acid
  • the excessive uric acid forms needle-lie crystals un the joints = cause intense inflammation
  • body parts affected: big toe,wrist joints, and knee
• Common in people who are already hospitalized particularly in critically ill people
• Symptoms of ARF/AKI

  • Come quickly
  • Have been slowly progressing over a period of time
• Pyelonephritis


  • Kidney infection
  • Kidney inflammation tissue
  • A result of severe urinary tract infection (UTI)
  • Can spread to the blood and can cause further illness
• Can have renal disease for long periods of time before noticing
• Acute renal failure (ARF) or acute kidney failure (AKI)


  Abrupt loss of kidney function
• Detected by physicians by the increase in the creatinine level in the blood


  An increase in level is an indicator of a renal insufficiency