Treatment Modalities

• individual psychotherapy - a method of bringing about change in a person by exploring his or her feelings, attitudes, thinking, and behavior
• individual psychotherapy - one-to-one relationship between the therapist and the client
• groups - a number of persons who gather in a face-to-face setting to accomplish tasks that require cooperation, collaboration, or working together
• Group content - refers to what is said in the context of the group, including educational material, feelings and emotions, or discussions of the project to be completed.
• Group process - refers to the behavior of the group and its individual members, including seating arrangements, tone of voice, who speaks to whom, who is quiet, and so forth.
• Stages of Group Development:

  Beginning stage/ initial stage - commences as soon as the group begins to meet
• Stages of Group Development:

  Beginning stage/ initial stage - members introduce themselves
• Stages of Group Development:

  Beginning stage/ initial stage - a leader can be selected (if not done previously)
• Stages of Group Development:

  Beginning stage/ initial stage - the group purpose is discussed, and rules and expectations for group participation are reviewed
• Stages of Group Development:

  Beginning stage/ initial stage - group members begin to “check out” one another and the leader as they determine their levels of comfort in the group setting
• Stages of Group Development:

  Working stage - begins as members begin to focus their attention on the purpose or task the group is trying to accomplish
• Stages of Group Development:

  Working stage - may take two or three sessions in a therapy group
• Stages of Group Development:

  Working stage - several group characteristics may beseen
• Stages of Group Development:

  Group cohesiveness - the degree to which members work together cooperatively to accomplish the purpose
• Stages of Group Development:

  Final stage/ termination - occurs before the group disbands
• Stages of Group Development:

  Final stage/ termination - the work of the group is reviewed (focus: group accomplishments or growth of group members or both, depending on the purpose of the group)
• Group leadership:

  • Often have an identified or formal leader based on his or her education, qualifications and experience
  • Some have appointed leaders
  • An informal leader may emerge from a “leaderless” group
  • Effective group leaders focus on group process as well as on group content.
• Group roles:

  • Not all members are aware of their “role behavior”
  • changes in members’ behavior may be a topic that the group will need to address
  • Growth-producing roles: information seeker, opinion seeker, information giver, energizer, coordinator, harmonizer, encourager, and elaborator
  • Growth-inhibiting roles: monopolizer, aggressor, dominator, critic, recognition seeker, and passive follower
• Group therapy:

  • clients participate in sessions with a group of people
  • members share a common purpose and are expected to contribute to the group to benefit others and receive benefit from others in return
  • group rules are established allows the client to learn new ways of looking at a problem or ways of coping with or solving problems
  • helps the client learn important interpersonal skills
• Group therapy - Therapeutic results:

  • Gaining new information, or learning

  • Gaining inspiration or hope

  • Interacting with others

  • Feeling acceptance and belonging
• Group therapy - Therapeutic results:

  • Becoming aware that one is not alone and that others share the same problems

  • Gaining insight into one’s problems and behaviors and how they affect others

  • Giving of oneself for the benefit of others (altruism)