halogens

• What group do halogens belong to in the periodic table?

  Group 7
• How many elements make up the halogen family?

  Five
• Name one element in the halogen family.

  Fluorine
• What type of molecules do halogens tend to form?

  Diatomic molecules
• What is the bond type between atoms in diatomic halogen molecules?

  Covalent bond
• What are the boiling points and appearances of halogens at room temperature?

  • Fluorine (F2): Pale yellow gas, -188 °C
  • Chlorine (Cl2): Green gas, -35 °C
  • Bromine (Br2): Red-brown liquid, 59 °C
  • Iodine (I2): Grey solid, 184 °C
• What trend is observed in boiling points down group 7?

  Boiling points increase down the group
• Why do boiling points increase down group 7?

  Molecules become larger, increasing intermolecular forces
• What type of forces develop between larger halogen molecules?

  Induced dipole-dipole forces
• What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and boiling points?

  Stronger forces require more energy to overcome
• What happens to electronegativity down group 7?

  It decreases
• What does electronegativity refer to?

  Tendency to attract a bonding pair of electrons
• Why does electronegativity decrease down the halogens?

  Atomic radius increases, reducing attraction for electrons
• What effect does nuclear charge have on electronegativity down the group?

  Nuclear charge increases, but atomic radius effect is greater
• What role does electron shielding play in electronegativity?

  It reduces the atom's ability to attract electrons
• What are the factors affecting electronegativity in halogens?

  • Nuclear charge increases down the group
  • Atomic radius increases down the group
  • Electron shielding increases down the group