Explorers

• Drake was knighted by Elizabeth and made an admiral
• Drake's first voyage in 1566 was as a trader of enslaved people
• Drake claimed new lands for England and made valuable trading contacts with the Spice Islands
• Francis Drake


  • Most famous seaman of Elizabeth reign
  • Interpreted in different ways, ranging from national hero to villain
  • Grew up as a Puritan who hated Catholics and was very anti-Spanish
• Elizabeth’s reign was seen as a ‘golden age’ of culture and exploration, but society was characterised by extremes of rich and poor
• Drake was attacked in 1568 by the Spanish at San Juan de Ulua in Mexico, losing four ships and over 300 men
• Drake launched successful attacks on the Spanish empire, bringing back gold, silver, and jewels, making a huge profit
• Drake played a role in the Spanish Armada by attacking Cadiz in 1587 and delaying preparations
• Drake circumnavigated the globe between 1577 and 1580, becoming the first Englishman to do so
• An increasing population and rising poverty became a big problem
• John Hawkins


  • Navigator and trader of enslaved people, cousin of Sir Francis Drake
  • Made three voyages during the 1560s, capturing Africans and selling them into slavery in Central America to Spanish settlers
• Explorers during the Elizabethan era

  1. Advancements in the practical skills of navigation allowed explorers to thrive

  2. The main benefit of exploration was to open up trade routes with countries around the world
• Queen Elizabeth

  Invested in Walter Raleigh's privateering expeditions against the Spanish
• Walter Raleigh's notable expeditions

  Obtained a royal charter in 1584 to establish a colony on Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina. Organised two expeditions to take settlers to the colony. The first group came home after a year; the second were left there but later disappeared. There is no conclusive proof of what happened to the colonists - perhaps they were forced to leave, ran away, or lacked food. The reasons for their disappearance are unclear and Roanoke is sometimes given the name ‘The Lost Colony’
• Walter Raleigh was a famous sailor, explorer, and courtier
• Walter Raleigh wanted to establish colonies in North America for Elizabeth
• John Hawkins' notable expeditions


  Made three voyages during the 1560s, capturing Africans and selling them into slavery in Central America to Spanish settlers
• Colonies

  Land or settlement outside a country's borders which belongs to it. Colonies were usually conquered or seized
• Walter Raleigh

  Part of the later on-going attacks against the Spanish in the 1590s and contributed to intellectual culture by writing poems
• Elizabeth

  Appointed John Hawkins as a vice-admiral fighting against the Spanish Armada
• John Hawkins' notable expeditions

  Returned to England, designed and built ships for the navy
• John Hawkins was a navigator and trader of enslaved people who was Sir Francis Drake’s cousin
• Elizabeth

  Made John Hawkins an admiral
• Label facts about Francis Drake:

  A) Circumnavigated the Globe

  B) Piracy against the Spanish

  
• What is a privateer?

  A privately-owned ship authorized by a government to attack and capture enemy vessels.
• John Hawkins

  A) galleons

  B) African Slave Trader

  
• Walter Raleigh

  A) Roanake Island

  B) America