Lesson 1

• Society


  A large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done
• Anthropology


  The systematic study of humanity, with the goal of understanding our evolutionary origins, our distinctiveness as a species, and the great diversity in our forms of social existence across the world and through time
• Cambridge Dictionary: 'The process of making decisions that apply to members of a group. It refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance and is the study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (Rose, 2018).'
• Political science


  The scientific study and analysis of government systems and policy
• Culture


  The sum total of knowledge, attitudes and habitual behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a particular society (Ralph Linton, 1940)
• Europeans focus on kinship, language, race, religion, cultural perceptions, etc. where did it start
• Sociology


  The study of human social relationships
• Political science - politics

  Scientific study and analysis of government systems and policy
• Sociology - society


  Study of human social relationships and society
• Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition: '"Culture encompasses religion, food, what we wear, how we wear it, our language, marriage, music, what we believe is right or wrong, how we sit at the table, how we greet visitors, how we behave with loved ones and a million other things." (Rossi,n.d.)'
• Charles Horton Cooley: '“Society is a complex of form or processes, each of which is living and growing by interaction with the others, the whole being so unified that what takes place in one part affects all the rest.”'
• Anthropology - culture


  Systematic study of humanity and understanding of cultural diversity
• Culture


  The pattern of life within a community, the regularly recurring activities and material and social arrangements characteristic of a particular group (Ward Goodenough, 1957)
• John F. Cuber: '“Society is as a group of people who have lived together long enough to become organized to consider themselves and be considered as a unit more or less distinct from other human units.”'
• Time of exploration - European countries started to colonize primitive societies (savages and barbaric)
• Culture


  Shared patterns of behaviors and interactions, cognitive constructs and understanding that are learned by socialization
• Politics


  The activities of the government, members of law-making organizations, or people who try to influence the way a country is governed
• Anthropology started as the study of non-European people by European people (outward)
• Great changes in the way people live in a society

  Industrial Revolution in Europe
• Subjects of inquiry in Sociology

  • Social phenomena, issues, family background, socio-economic status, ethnicity, social classes, religion, gender, beliefs, traditions, social organization/psychology, applied sociology, human ecology
• Subjects of inquiry in Political Science

  • Political theory, philosophy, political ideologies, public management, human rights, international relations, foreign policies
• Franz Boas started Historical Particularism in Anthropology
• Goals of Sociology

  Obtain possible theories and principles about society and various aspects of social life, study the nature of humanity to further examine our roles within a society, appreciate that all things in society are interdependent, expose our minds to different perspectives in attaining truth
• Ethnography

  Anthropologists are required to live with their subject of study for a long period of time
• Anthropology


  The study of people and their culture
• Political Science started with the Ancient Greeks
• Concept in Political Science

  Who gets what, when, where, and how (Lasswell, 1936)
• Political Science


  The systematic study of government, politics, and political power
• Auguste Comte started Sociology
• Subjects of inquiry in Anthropology

  Biological Anthropology (human origins), Cultural Anthropology (living people), Linguistics (language), Archaeology (artifacts)
• Aristotle: 'Man is a political animal'
• Time of exploration

  European countries started to colonize primitive societies (savages and barbaric)
• Emerging institutions arose and replaced the old ones

  Science replaced religion
• Goals of Anthropology


  See commonalities among people, produce new knowledge and theories about mankind and behavior
• Sociology


  The study of society, patterns of social interactions, and culture of everyday life
• Knowledge created in Sociology

  Used to understand one's own society
• Sociology started as the study of European society by European people (inward)
• Focus of Europeans in Anthropology

  • Kinship
  • Language
  • Race
  • Religion
  • Cultural perceptions
• Goals of Political Science

  Make people better citizens, keep social order and harmony among different groups, protect the rights of the individual, avoid conflict and promote cooperation