M3: Elements and Principles of Contemporary Arts

• Oil paint


  • Popular medium due to retained vibrancy and distinct quality, dries slowly and opaque in nature, consists of pigment mixed with oil (commonly linseed oil)
• Graphite pencil


  • Most used illustration medium, cheap, versatile, mistakes can be easily erased, produces a wide spectrum of shades depending on the weight applied
• Charcoal or burnt wood


  • Produces darker tones with soft or harsh strokes
• Pen or pen and ink

  • Popular medium in drawing, smooth and consistent in shade and intensity, affordable and permanent
• Elements of painting - Line


  • Length without width or an extension of a point, can be static (suggest stillness) or dynamic (suggest force and motion)
• Greek artist, 5th century B.C.E.
• Encaustic paint


  • Mixture of pigments, wax (beeswax), and resin
• Best known Encaustic works are the Fayum Mummy portraits which were done at around 100-300 A.D.
• Fresco, pigments are mixed with water and applied to thin layers of either dry plaster (fresco secco) or wet plaster (buon fresco)
• Acrylic paint


  • Pigment suspended in a synthetic vehicle made from acrylic polymer emulsion, versatile and can imitate effects of water color and oil paint
• Water color


  • Dissolves easily in aqueous liquid, produces transparent layers, consists of pigment combined with water and gum Arabic, commonly used on paper
• Elements of painting - Shape


  • Refers to the physical form or figure
• Elements of painting - Size


  • Refers to the magnitude or bulk of an object
• Elements of painting - Color


  • Used to create a mood or emotional quality, different colors have connotations like white for purity, innocence, emptiness, and calm
• Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling painting and Raphael’s School of Athens were done using fresco
• Tempera


  • Fast drying painting medium consisting of pigment mixed with a water-soluble binding agent, produces vivid color, widely used in Medieval and Renaissance period
• Drawing


  Drawing can be done by running a finger on beach sand or by clicking a computer mouse, but the type of drawing we are most familiar with is done by stroking a pencil on a piece of paper
• Complementary colors placed next to one another appear brighter, mixed together they will form neutral colors
• Primary colors


  • Red, blue, yellow
• Painting


  Refers to the application of color, pigment, or paint to a surface or support
• Colors can be used to create color harmonies, contrast, unity, and variety in images
• Primary colors


  • Red, blue, yellow
• Shape


  Refers to the physical form or figure, which could imply weight or volume
• Elements of Painting

  • Size
  • Shape
  • Texture
  • Color
• Texture


  Refers to the coarseness or the smoothness of a material
• Split-complimentary color scheme


  • Includes a main color and two colors adjacent to its complementary color
• Vertical line

  Signifies ambition and strength
• Dynamic


  Suggests force and motion
• Solid Diagonal Lines


  Signifies dynamic, action, conflict, or stress
• Monochromatic color


  Result of using different degrees of lightness and brightness of only one color
• Intermediate colors


  • Yellow-green, Yellow-orange, Red-orange, Red-violet, Blue-violet, Blue-green
• 1. Dimensional Geometric shape


  Has height, width, and depth, the 3rd dimension showing the thickness of the object
• Monochromatic color scheme


  • Uses only one hue and its tints and shades
• Color properties


  Hue, Value, Saturation
• Shape


  Created when a line becomes connected and encloses space, the outline or outward appearance of something
• Secondary colors

  • Orange, Green, Violet
• Dynamic lines


  • Curved lines, which are vigorous strokes
• Lines


  Refers to a prolongation of a point or mark on a surface
• Secondary colors

  • Green, violet, orange
• Analogous color scheme


  • Made up of three or four adjacent colors on the color wheel