History: International Relations 1919-1939

• Who were the big three?

  Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and David Lloyd George
• When did WWI end?

  November 11, 1918
• What was the Treaty of Versailles?

  Treaty that ended WWI
• When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

  June 28, 1919
• What are some things Georges Clemenceau wanted from the treaty of Versailles?

  - The restitution of Alsace Lorraine

  -Germany to split into smaller states to lose power

  -Germany to be punished as severely as possible as lots of damage was done to France, he wanted a strict treaty

  -Reparations for the damage done to France
• What are some things Lloyd George wanted from the treaty of Versailles?

  - Not a harsh treaty to prevent another war

  -Germany and Britain to trade again

  - To avoid a communist revolution

  - Germany to lose its navy and colonies

  - To keep his empire
• What are some things Woodrow Wilson wanted from the treaty of Versailles?

  - Not a harsh treated on Germany

  - Strengthen democracy in defeated countries

  - International co-operation

  - The 14 points
• What were the 14 points?

  Wilson's terms for ending the war and future wars
• What were some of the 14 points?

  - No secret treaties

  - Free access to sea at peace and wartime

  - Free trade between countries

  - Working towards disarmament

  - Alsace Lorraine to be returned to France

  - Colonies to have say in their future

  - Poland to become an independent state

  - League of Nations to be set up
• What were the 5 main things the Treaty of Versailles actually contained?

  - War guilt: Germany had to accept blame in order to be punished

  - Reparations of £6'600 million

  - German territory reduced + no joining with Austria

  - Limited army: 100'000 men and only 6 battleships

  - League of Nations to be set up -> No germany and No USA
• Why was Germany unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles?

  - They expected the 14 points

  - 'War guilt' was unfair as they weren't the only ones

  - Excluded from the league of nations

  - Lost a lot of industrial land: coal and steel industries

  - Have a massive dept while they have an unstable government and inflation
• What was the treaty to punish Austria and when was it signed?

  The St. Germain treaty, 1919
• What did the St. Germain treaty include?

  - Divided Austria from Hungary (1918)

  - Lost land to new countries: Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Poland which led to economic problmes
• Compare the treaty of St Germain to the treaty of Versailles

  - Germany also lost land and was divided by the Polish corridor

  -Germany was also hit with economic problems due to land loss
• What was the treaty to punish Bulgaria and when was it signed?

  The Treaty of Neuilly, 1919
• What did the Treaty of Neuilly include?

  -Land losses

  - army limited to 20'000

  - Pay 100 million reparations
• Compare the Treaty of Neuilly to the Treaty of Versailles

  - Germany also lost land

  - Germany's army restrictions are much greater in proportion
• What was the treaty to punish Hungary and when was it signed?

  Treaty of Trianon, 1920
• What did the treaty of Trianon include?

  - Hungary lost huge areas of land -> 3 million citizens in other countries

  - Reparations, but it wasn't able to pay
• Compare the treaty of Trianon to the treaty of Versailles

  - Hungary suffered greater proportional land loss than Germany

  -German reparations pursed with invasion of Ruhr
• What was the treaty to punish Turkey and when was it signed?

  Treaty of Sèvres, 1920
• What did the treaty of Sèvres include?

  - Turkey lost land to Greece and large parts of it's empire to Britain and France

  -Only 50'000 army

  - Controlled finances by Britain and France

  -No airforce
• Compare the treaty of Sèvres to the treaty of Versailles

  -Similar restrictions

  - Turkey lost more land
• What was the event that led to the treaty of Lausanne being signed and when was it signed?

  There was a Military coup in Turkey. They seized back Thrace, Armenia and Smyrna. The Allies agreed for Turkey to keep Thrace and Smyrna.

  This event showed that the allies might not back up the treaties.
• What was the name of the agreement between Japan, France and Britain and when was it signed?

  The Washington Naval Agreement, 1922
• What did the Washington Naval agreement include?

  - Participants would limit the size of their Navies
• What was the treaty between Germany and the USSR and when was it signed?

  The Rapallo Treaty, 1922
• What did the Rapallo treaty include


  - Germany gave some land back

  - Germany and USSR agreed to cooperate in the future
• What was the Dawes Plan and when was it signed?

  Weimar Germany and the USA would help solve Germany's debt , 1924
• What was the Treaty to improve relationships with borders between Germany, France and Belguim?

  The Locarno Pact, 1925
• What was the Kollogg-Briand Pact and when was it signed?

  62 Nations and Germany agreed not to use war to achieve aims, 1928
• What was the Young Plan and when was it signed?

  It was created to help Germany pay reperations, 1929
• What did all of these treaties have to do with the League of Nations?

  Nothing - all of the treaties were signed without the council of the LON, showing it was 'useless
• When was the League of Nations created?

  1919
• What were the 4 aims of the LON?

  - to discourage aggression from any nation

  - to encourage countries to cooperate: ex business and trade

  - to encourage nations to disarm

  - to improve living conditions
• What was the role of the council in the LON?

  - They met 5 times a year

  - Included permanent members: France, Italy, Britain and Japan

  - Included temporary members: elected for 3 year periods

  - Permanent members had veto

  - They resolved disputes by talking, Moral condemnation, military force and economic or financial sanction.
• What was the role of the Assembly in the LON?

  - it was the League's "parliament"

  - included all members

  - Could recommend action to council

  - Vote on admitting new members

  - met once a year

  - Unanimous decisions: everyone had to agree
• What was the role of the Secretariat in the LON?

  - Kept records of the league meeting and prepared reports

  - Brought together experts from around the world for key issues such as health and disarmament
• What was the role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the LON?

  - Brought together employers, government & workers' representatives

  - their aim was to improve the conditions of working people around the world

  - Collected statistics and information to make suggestions
• What was the role of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the LON?

  - Based in Hague, Netherlands: Judges from member countries

  - its aim was to settle disputes such as border issues between countries peacefully

  -Court had no ruling to make sure countries followed it's decisions