Political power

• What was the Colored Conventions Movement?

  A series of national, regional and state conventions held irregularly after the Civil War
• Who attended the CCM?

  Religious leaders, businessmen, politicians and writers as well as activists such as Fredrick Douglass
• What did the CCM discuss?

  Issues to do with employment, healthcare, drinking and educational equality
• Where the conventions of the CCM held after the 1850s?

  Cities like New York, Albany and Pittsburgh
• What was discussed at the 1869 convention in Washington D.C?

  They worked to encourage black consciousness and promoted the importance of universities such as Howard or Fisk
• Who was Fredrick Douglass?

  A prominent American abolitionist, author and public speaker
• What links did Douglass have to slavery?

  He was born a slave and escaped at 20
• How many autobiographies did Douglass write?

  3
• What did Fredrick do in order to spread his ideas?

  He edited an influential black newspaper for 16 years and achieved international fame
• What did Fredrick do in order to spread his views in America?

  He toured and argued for black rights
• Who was an influential black activist?

  W.B du Bois
• What was du Bois the first to do?

  He was the first black American to receive a doctorate degree from Howard university in 1895
• What did du Bois do?

  He taught sociology at Atlanta University
• What movement did du Bois help to found?

  The Niagra Movement in 1905 which helped with black American Civil Rights
• What did du Bois help to found?

  The NAACP in 1909 which fought for black civil equality
• What did du Bois organise after the 1917 race riots?

  A protest march in New York
• Who was a prominent black figure who focused on working within segregation laws?

  Booker T. Washington
• What did Washington establish?

  The Tuskegee Institute in Alabama in 1881
• What did the Tuskegee Institute focus on?

  Providing practical skills to educate black men
• How many black students did his college accomadate?

  200
• What did Washington found in 1900?

  The National Negro Business League
• Which President was Washington an informal advisor to?

  Roosevelt, he was invited to the White House in 1901
• How much was Washington given to help him?

  $600,000 by Andrew Carnegie
• What was the Union League?

  The first black Radical Republic group created in the North during the civil war
• How many members did the UL have?

  700,000
• How many councils did the UL have across America?

  4500
• Where did the UL meet in the South?

  In secret due to fear of the KKK
• What did the UL do?

  They petitioned, went on strikes and organised rallies
• When did the power of UL members decline?

  In 1872 due to violence and attacks
• How many businesses were owned by black people in the South?

  30,000 by 1915