monoclonal antibodies

• What is a monoclonal antibody?

  Antibodies produced from a single clone
• How are monoclonal antibodies produced?

  By fusing lymphocytes with tumor cells
• What type of white blood cells produce antibodies?

  Lymphocytes
• What do antibodies stick to?

  Pathogens
• What are foreign objects that trigger antibody production called?

  Antigens
• How can scientists trigger lymphocytes to produce antibodies?

  By introducing antigens into the body
• What is the purpose of monoclonal antibodies in pregnancy tests?

  To detect specific hormones in urine
• What happens when a mouse is injected with an antigen?

  Lymphocytes produce antibodies against it
• What is the problem with lymphocytes in antibody production?

  They do not divide by mitosis
• What is a hybridoma?

  A fused cell of lymphocyte and tumor cell
• What is the advantage of hybridoma cells?

  They can produce antibodies and divide
• Why are monoclonal antibodies considered specific?

  They target one binding site on an antigen
• What is a benefit of monoclonal antibodies targeting specific cells?

  They can treat diseases effectively
• What are the key facts about monoclonal antibodies?

  • Produced from a single clone of hybridoma cells
  • Specific to one binding site on one protein antigen
  • Can target specific chemicals or cells
  • Have numerous medical uses
• What can be collected and purified from hybridoma cells?

  A large amount of monoclonal antibody
• What is the next step after selecting a hybridoma cell?

  Allow it to divide by mitosis