Kinetic Molecular Model

• The word "Kinetic" comes from the Greek word "Kinein" which means "to move"
• Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the properties of solids and liquids in terms of intermolecular forces of attraction and the kinetic energy of the individual particles
• All matter is made up of tiny particles
• The particles are in constant motion
• The speed of the particles is proportional to temperature
• Solids, Liquids, and Gases differ in the extent to which the particles interact
• The particles of solids are closely packed together. Because of their compact arrangement, they have definite sizes and shapes.
• Solid particles' arrangement is also responsible for their malleability and ductility.
• The particles of liquids are slightly far from one another. This amount of space enables it to flow and take the shape of the container.
• Liquids have no definite sizes and shapes
• The particles of gases move freely and are very far from one another
• Gas particles have no definite sizes and shapes
• Sublimation - Solid to gas
• Melting - Solid to liquid
• Evaporation - Liquid to gas
• Condensation - Gas to liquid
• Deposition - Gas to solid
• Freezing - Liquid to solid
• Temperature affects the amount of kinetic energy of the molecules, therefore affecting their movement
• The particles of matter expand upon heating and contact upon cooling
• Intermolecular forces of attraction was also known as Vander Waals Forces named after the Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik Vanderwaals
• London Dispersion Force - the weakest type of intermolecular forces of attraction
• London Dispersion Forces - when two-non polar molecules approach each other, an instantaneous dipole moment forms
• Dipole-dipole Interaction - it exists between polar molecules
• Dipole-dipole interaction - one end of a dipole attracts the oppositively charged end of the other dipole
• Ion-Dipole interaction - acts between an ion (either positive or negative) and a polar molecule
• Ion-Dipole Interaction - explains the solubility of ionic compounds in water, which is polar molecule
• Hydrogen Bond - a special and very strong type of force that exist between a hydrogen atom bound to small and highly electronegative non-metal atom
• Hydrogen Bonds - occur in polar molecules containing H and any of highly electronegative elements (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine)
• Higher Polarization = Higher level of attraction
• Intramolecular forces - "within" two atoms
• Intramolecular forces happens inside an atom
• Intramolecular forces happens when there is a single atom
• Ionic Bond - transfer of electron charges
• Covalent Bond - sharing of electron
• There is a presence of cation and anion in Ion-Dipole Interaction
• Intermolecular forces - "between" two or more compounds and molecules
• Dipole-Dipole Interaction. Attraction and Repulsion
• All matter is made up of tiny particles
• These particles are in constant motion