Exam 4

• Mexico’s Texas


  • Some priests, some adventurers
  • Mostly unsettled
• The Webster-Ashburton Treaty resolved the border with Maine
• The Aroostook “War”

  1. An argument over the Maine Territory

  2. Compromise and settlement on the borderline

  3. British military planners vs. Americans

  4. Resolution with truce accepted
• Texas Settlement

  1. Spain’s Texas

  2. Mexico’s Texas

  3. Anglo Texas
• John Gast's painting


  • American Progress
• John O’Sullivan: 'America’s “Manifest Destiny to overspread and to possess the whole of the continent which providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty.”'
• Border issues with Great Britain

  • Maine Territory
  • Wisconsin/Minnesota Territories
  • Oregon Territory
• Manifest Destiny

  1. 19th Century theory for movement westward

  2. Phrase coined by John O’Sullivan

  3. American Progress by John Gast

  4. Diplomatic Relations become strained with Great Britain, Mexico, Spain, and France
• Anglo Texas


  • Stephen F. Austin and the 300 families
• Spain’s Texas

  • Missions and presidios
  • Native Americans
• Texas Revolution (October 2nd, 1835, to April 21st, 1836)
• Anglo Texas settlement

  1. Mexico sought people to come and live in the Texas territory

  2. Moses Austin accepted a charter from the Mexican Government to bring 300 families into Texas

  3. To join Austin's group, individuals were supposed to become Catholic, bring no enslaved people, obey Mexican laws, and become Mexican citizens
• Events of the Texas Revolution

  1. Mexico's government was losing its grip in Mexico City

  2. Tensions rose due to restrictions on immigration from the U.S.

  3. Texans revolted against Santa Ana's dictatorship

  4. Preemptive strike at Anahuac, brief takeover of San Antonio

  5. Siege and massacre at the Alamo

  6. Massacre at Goliad

  7. Battle of San Jacinto
• Santa Ana was caught off guard at the Battle of San Jacinto
• Most citizens of Mexico did not like to move up North
• Anglo settlements in Texas

  • Central Texas (Austin, New Braunfels, Round Rock, parts of College Station/Bryan)
  • East Texas (Tyler and Nacogdoches)
• Goliad was another Mexican victory leading to hope of conquering Texas
• Life in Mexico City started getting grander, and the vast difference between Texas and where these people were settled didn’t appeal to them (plus Texas was dry, with no water)
• Tejanos were in a challenging position during the Texas Revolution
• Spain allowed Anglo settlement in East Texas due to the presence of piney woods, rivers, and economic opportunities
• The Alamo was a defeat for the settlers
• Anglo Texas (1825 to 1836)
• Annexation of Texas by Polk

  Polk signs Texas into the Union as the 28th state in 1845 after it passes both House and Senate through a joint resolution
• Conquering Mexican troops at San Jacinto

  Troops will surround Santa Ana and their troops, shouting "remember the Alamo", and will conquer Mexican troops in seventeen minutes, including Santa Ana (in his underwear)
• Spanish California was settled long before any Anglo settlement headed out west
• Tyler's attempt to annex Texas

  With assistance from President-elect Polk, Tyler reopens the request in the latter part of 1844 and tries to annex Texas through Congress
• John C. Calhoun's speech in the Senate about the necessity of Texas to protect the institution of slavery caused problems in the first attempt to annex Texas in 1844
• Presidents of the Texas Republic

  • David Burnet (interim)
  • Sam Houston
  • Mirabeau Lamar
  • Anson Jones
• States entering the union to maintain balance

  • Ohio (1846)
  • Wisconsin (1848)
• Early settlement in Oregon Territory was still somewhat unsettled
• The Oregon Trail leads from St. Louis to Oregon
• Early settlers in Oregon Territory

  • Fur Trading Mountain Men
  • Missionaries
• Texas Republic lasts for nine years

  1836 to 1845
• Santa Ana will be exiled to Cuba eventually by the Mexican government
• Sam Houston applied to Andrew Jackson to bring Texas in as a territory, but Jackson declined to avoid the enslaved person vs. free state debate
• Parts of life in California

  • Missions
  • Presidios
  • Rancheros
• Most people in California were cattle ranchers
• Sam Houston heading eastward toward San Jacinto


  Santa Ana will be pursued by Houston
• The Santa Fe Trail is the oldest existing trade route in the western part of the United States
• President Polk

  Decides to settle the Oregon Territory dispute with Great Britain peacefully