types of research, variable, hypothesis

• basic or pure. aims to acquire new knowledge and understanding
• basic or pure. basic and has no application
• applied. oriented towards finding solution to a practical problem
• applied. a new method, new intervention, or new device
• cross-sectional. there is a different type of subject with different type of characteristics and treats them simultaneously
• cross-sectional. takes 1 to 2 years.
• longitudinal. same set of subjects is treated over a period of time
• longitudinal. takes more than 4 years.
• action research. a decision oriented research involving the application of the steps of the scientific method in response to an immediate need to improve existing practices.
• quantitative. conducted to find answers to questions about relationships among measurable variable with a purpose of explaining, controlling, and predicting phenomena
• quantitative. numerical data.
• qualitative. starts with a few preconceived ideas and stresses the importance of people’s interpretations of events and circumstances.
• qualitative. narrative data.
• Variable is any quality of person, group, or situation that varies or takes on different values, typically numerical values.
• independent variable

  → the assumed cause of the problem.
• independent variable

  → affects the value of the dependent condition that produces the outcome.
• independent variable

  → what the researcher manipulates or varies.
• dependent variable

  → outcome of the process or assumed effect.
• dependent variable

  → factor whose value is affected by the independent variable.
• dependent variable

  → the change that occurs in the study population.
• Hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between two or more variables.
• hypothesis serves as a tentative answer to one or more of the research questions, and are subjected to a statistical test.
• simple hypothesis. express an expected relationship between one independent and one dependent variable.
• complex hypothesis. expressed prediction of a relationship between two or more independent variable to two or more dependent variables.
• null hypothesis - there exist no significant relationship or difference between the dependent and independent variables
• alternate hypothesis - there exists a significant relationship or difference between the dependent and independent variables