EOLs 1-10 SOMA

• The frequency of vibration determines the pitch of the sound waves.
• In solids, sound can travel at very high speeds due to their rigid structure.
• a receptor is a cell or a group of cells that receive information or stimuli
• photoreceptors - sight, eyes, light
• chemoreceptors - smell/taste, nose/tongue, chemical
• thermoreceptor - touch, skin, temperature
• mechanoreceptor - touch/hear, skin/ears, pressure/sound vibrations
• pain receptors - touch, skin, pain/heat/chemical
• sense is the ability to perceive and respond to stimuli from the environment -> specific physical phenomenon that corresponds to a particular group of regions in the brain
• 2 main components of the nervous system are the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• the PNS controls the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
• the PNS' function is to carry information from the CNS to the rest of the body
• the CNS is the brain and the spinal cord
• the function of the CNS is to coordinate the activities of the body and to control the activities of the body
• a dendrite is a branch of a neuron that receives information from other neurons and sends it to the cell body
• a cell body is the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and is responsible for receiving and sending signals
• an axon is the long extension of a neuron that carries electrical impulses away from the cell body
• axon terminal is the end of the axon that receives signals from the axon
• a neuron is a cell that carries electrical impulses around the body
• information flows from one neuron to another through the axel, to the axon terminal, cross the gap (synapse), and the receptors on the dendrite trigger a new electrical signal
• stimuli are things all around us, such as light, temperature (hot/cold), and chemicals (smell/taste), vibrations (sound)
• stimulus -> receptor -> sensory neuron -> brain -> relay neuron -> motor neuron -> muscle/gland -> response
• waves are transverse vibrations, oscillations parallel to the direction of energy transfer
• light and sound both travel in waves
• waves do not transfer matter
• waves are either mechanical (longitudinal or transverse) or electromagnetic (light)
• as frequency increases, wavelength decreases (and vice versa)
• frequency is the number of waves passing a point per second, measured in hertz (Hz)
• wavelength is the distance between two adjacent points on a wave, measured in metres
• increasing frequency increases pitch, and has no changes in volume
• increasing amplitude decreases pitch, and increases volumne
• pitch is the frequency of a sound wave, how high/low something sounds in relation to the speed of vibrations that produce the sound
• amplitude is the amount of energy transferred by a wave
• transmission is the transfer of energy through or between materials
• luminous - emit light on their own
• non-luminous - those that do not produce their own light
• transparent - allow complete transmission of light
• translucent - allow a lot of light to pass through
• opaque - no light is able to pass
• light is something that stimulates receptors which we then interpret