Covalent Bonding

• A covalent bond is when electrons are shared between non-metal atoms.
• Name the 3 covalent structures

  Giant covalent, Small molecules and large molecules.
• Giant covalent has a high melting point and a high boiling point because they have strong covalent bonds
• Giant covalent is usually solid at room temperature.
• Why do Giant Covalent require a lot of energy?

  They require alot of energy due to its High Melting point and Boiling point.
• Why do giant covalent bond have a high melting point and high boiling point?

  This is because they require alot of energy to break the strong bonds.
• An example of an giant covalent structure would be diamond
• A giant covalent structure is where a large number of atoms are joined by covalent bonds
• What are small molecules?

  Small molecules are simple structures with a low molecular weight
• Most covalent structure do not conduct electricity as they dont have delocalised eletrons.
• An example of a small molecule would be water.
• Small molecules have Low melting points and boiling points
• Small molecules have low MP and BP since the intermolecular forces are easier to break down
• The small molecule does not require a lot of energy as the intermolecular forces are weaker.
• intermolecular holds substances together.
• What are large molecules?

  Many repeating units joined by covalents bonds to form a chain
• Large molecules have low melting and boiling points compared to giant covalent substances but higher than for small molecules.
• Large molecules have stronger intermolecular forces than small molecules which requires more energy to overcome
• Large molecules are normally solid at room temp
• Graphite is only made of carbon, each carbon atom bonds to three others, and forms a hexagonal rings in layers. Each carbon has one spare electron which is delocalised.
• Graphite layers can slide over each other as they arent covalently bonded which means they can conduct electricity. Graphite is softer than diamond.
• Fullerenes are molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes.
• Describe the structure and bonding of a giant covalent substance

  billions of atoms bonded together by a strong covalent bonds
• Describe the structure and bonding off small molecule?

  Small numbers of atom group together into molecules with strong covalent bonds between the atoms and weak intermolecular forces between the molecules.