PRELIM

• The English word history is derived from the greekword “istoia” meaning learning
• According to him, history is the systematic account of a set of natural phenomena whether or not chronological ordering was a factor in an account, and this is considered as natural history.

  • Aristotle
• • The word “history” means the “past of mankind”.
  • History is the study of past events, particularly in human affairs.
  • History in German is “geschichte”, meaning, “that which has happened”. This means that the word implies that history teaches, and we may learn from the lessons of history.
• • Historical method

  It is the process of critically examining and analyzing the records and survivals of the past.
• • Historical sources

  Objects from the past or testimony concerning the past whichhistorians use to create their own depiction of the past
• • Written sources

  According to form written sources is a published materials (books, journals etc.) And manuscript (handwritten and unprinted like archival materials and memoirs)
• Non written sources

  • Oral history, artifacts, fossils, etc.
• Primary sources

  Testimony of an eyewitness
• Secondary sources

  Interpret and analyze primary sources

   
• Internal criticism

  Deals with the problem of credibility.
• Santiago alvarez

  • A revolutionary general and a founder and honorary president of the first directorate of the nacionalista party.
  • Also known as kidlat ng apoy because of his inflamed bravery and dedication as commander of Cavite’s famous battles.
  • The only child of revolutionary General Mariano Alvarez

   
• Teodoro agoncillo

  • A prominent 20th-century Filipino historian
  • He and his contemporary Renato Constantino were among the first Filipino historians renowned for promoting a distinctly nationalist point of view of Filipino history.
• March 25, 1897

  The assembly at tejeros was happened
• Robert fox

  • An anthropologist and leading historian on the prehispanic philippines.
• William henry scott

  A historian of the gran cordillera central and prehispanic philippines
• Content

  • The material within the source
  • The topics or matter discussed or treated
• Antonio pigafetta

  • The first voyage around the world
  • Venetian scholar born around the late 1400’s.
  • Chronicled magellan’s voyage around the world and acted like his assistant.
  • Kept the first records of the language cebuano.
  • Died in 1531
• Juan de plasencia

  • A spanish friar of the franciscan order.
  • He spent most of his missionary life in the philippines, where he founded numerous towns in luzon and authored several religious and linguistic books, most notably the doctrina cristiana (christian doctrine), the first book ever printed in the philippines.
• Datus/datos

  • Chief/leader
  • Most highly regarded.
  • Those who spoke ill of him or his wife & children were. Severely punished.
  • Ruled over 100 houses only, sometimes fewer that 30
  • Barangay - tribal gathering
• Three castes

  1.        Nobles - maharlikas

  2.       Commoners - aliping namamahay

  3.       Slave - aliping sa guiguilir

   
• Maharlikas

  • Nobles
  • Free born, exempt of taxes
  • Obliged to accompany the datu or go to warwith him.
• Aliping namamahay

  • Commoners
  • Can own land, house & gold.
  • Their children inherit their riches & cannot be made slaves or sold.
  • Should they be inherited by the son of their master, they
  • Cannot be taken away to another village
• Simbahan

  Which means a temple or place of adoration; but this is because, formerly, when they wished to celebrate a festival, which they called pandot, or “worship,”
• Badhala

  The title seems to signify “all powerful,” or “maker of all things.”
• Dian masalanta

  Patron of lovers and of generation
• Tigmamanuguin

  Which was singing in the tree, or if they chanced upon anyone who sneezed, they returned at once to their house, considering the incident as an augury that some evil might befall them if they should continue their journey—especially when the above-mentioned bird sang
• Catolonan

  This was done in front of the idol, which they anoint with fragrant perfumes, such as musk and civet, or gum of the storax-tree and other odoriferous woods, and praise it in poetic songs sung by the officiating priest, male or female,
• • The first, called catolonan, as above stated, was either a man or a woman.
• • The second they called mangagauay, or witches, who deceived by pretending to heal the sick.
• • The third they called manyisalat, which is the same as mangagauay. These priests had the power of applying such remedies to lovers that they would abandon and despise their own wives, and in fact could prevent them from having intercourse with the latter.
• • The fourth was called mancocolam, whose duty it was to emit fire from himself at night, once or oftener each month
• • The fifth was called hocloban, which is another kind of witch, of greater efficacy than the mangagauay
• • The sixth was called silagan, whose office it was, if they saw anyone clothed in white, to tear out his liver and eat it, thus causing his death
• • The seventh was called magtatangal, and his purpose was to show himself at night to many persons, without his head or entrails
• • The eighth they called osuang, which is equivalent to “sorcerer;” they say that they have seen him fly, and that he murdered men and ate their flesh
• • The ninth was another class of witches called mangagayoma. They made charms for lovers out of herbs, stones, and wood, which would infuse the heart with love
• • The tenth was known as sonat, which is equivalent to “preacher
• • The eleventh, pangatahojan, was a soothsayer, and predicted the future. This office was general in all the islands
• • The twelfth, bayoguin, signified a “cot quean,” a man whose nature inclined toward that of a woman
• Emilio Jacinto

  • A Filipino General during the Philippine Revolution
  • He was one of the highest-ranking officer in the Philippine Revolution and was one of the highest-ranking officers of the revolutionary society Kataas-taasan, Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan, or simply and more popularly called Katipunan, being a member of its Supreme Council.