cellsss

• What type of cells are being discussed in this video?

  Eukaryotic cells
• What organelles are important for A-level biology?

  • Cell surface membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Mitochondria
  • Chloroplasts
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Vesicles
  • Lysosomes
  • Ribosomes
  • Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • Cell wall
  • Cell vacuole
• What is the function of the cell surface membrane?

  Controls entry and exit of substances
• What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum characterized by?

  Ribosomes on its surface
• What is the function of ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

  Protein synthesis occurs here
• What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

  Modifies and packages proteins
• What do lysosomes contain?

  Digestive enzymes
• How do lysosomes contribute to cellular maintenance?

  They digest worn-out organelles and cells
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Aerobic respiration and ATP production
• What is unique about the DNA found in mitochondria?

  It codes for enzymes required for respiration
• What are the two types of ribosomes based on cell type?

  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes
• What is the function of vacuoles in plant cells?

  Provide structural support and store substances
• What is the composition of the plant cell wall?

  Cellulose
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Site of photosynthesis
• How do chloroplasts differ from mitochondria in function?

  Chloroplasts are for photosynthesis, mitochondria for respiration
• What is the function of the plasma membrane?

  Controls entry and exit of substances
• What is the structure of the plasma membrane?

  Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
• How do glycoproteins and glycolipids function in the plasma membrane?

  Act as receptors for signaling
• What is the role of the nucleolus?

  Production of rRNA for ribosomes
• What is the significance of the nuclear envelope?

  It protects the nucleus and regulates transport
• How do the pores in the nuclear envelope function?

  They allow transport of molecules in and out
• What is the difference between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

  Rough has ribosomes; smooth does not
• What is the function of the Golgi vesicles?

  Transport finished products from the Golgi apparatus
• What type of cells are prokaryotic cells?

  Cells without a nucleus
• What is a key structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles
• What is the size comparison of prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are much smaller
• What is the chemical composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

  Made of murine
• What do prokaryotic cells contain that eukaryotic cells do not?

  Plasmids and capsules
• What is the function of ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?

  Protein synthesis
• What type of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?

  70s ribosomes
• How do the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells differ from those in prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells have 80s ribosomes
• What is the structure of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

  Contains a nuclear envelope and nucleoplasm
• What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?

  Circular DNA
• What is the role of the nucleolus in eukaryotic cells?

  RNA production and ribosome assembly
• What is the chemical composition of the cell wall in plant cells?

  Cellulose
• What is the function of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

  Carry antibiotic resistance genes
• What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

  Prevents desiccation and hides antigens
• What is the structure that helps some bacteria to swim?

  Flagellum
• How do flagella function in prokaryotic cells?

  They rotate to propel the bacteria
• What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells are smaller
  • No membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotic cells
  • Prokaryotic cells have 70s ribosomes
  • Eukaryotic cells have 80s ribosomes
  • Prokaryotic cells have circular DNA
  • Eukaryotic cells have linear DNA
  • Prokaryotic cell walls contain murine
  • Eukaryotic cell walls (if present) contain cellulose or chitin