gas exchange

• What is the focus of the video presented by Miss Esther?

  Surface area to volume ratio in biology
• Why is the surface area to volume ratio important in biology?

  It affects efficiency of exchange surfaces
• What adaptations do organisms have for efficient transport across exchange surfaces?

  • Increased surface area
  • Specialized structures for gas exchange
  • Efficient absorption mechanisms
• What is the formula for calculating surface area of a cube?

  Area of one side times six
• What is the surface area of a cube with side length 1 cm?

  6 cm²
• What is the volume of a cube with side length 1 cm?

  1 cm³
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side length 1 cm?

  6
• What is the surface area of a cube with side length 2 cm?

  24 cm²
• What is the volume of a cube with side length 2 cm?

  8 cm³
• What is the surface area to volume ratio of a cube with side length 2 cm?

  3
• What pattern is observed as the size of the cube increases?

  Surface area to volume ratio decreases
• Why do larger organisms need adaptations for gas exchange?

  They have smaller surface area to volume ratios
• How do amoebas exchange gases?

  By simple diffusion across their surface
• What is a key characteristic of larger organisms regarding metabolic rates?

  They typically have higher metabolic rates
• What adaptations do larger organisms have for gas exchange?

  • Increased surface area structures
  • Specialized organs (e.g., lungs, gills)
  • Efficient transport systems (e.g., circulatory system)
• What are villi and microvilli used for?

  To increase surface area for absorption
• How do alveoli contribute to gas exchange?

  They increase surface area in lungs
• What structures in insects help with gas exchange?

  Spiracles and tracheal system
• How do gill filaments and lamellae assist fish in gas exchange?

  They increase surface area for gas exchange
• What adaptation do larger plants have for gas exchange?

  Broad and thin leaves
• What is the role of capillary networks in gas exchange?

  They provide a large surface area
• What are the adaptations of larger organisms to improve gas exchange?

  • Increased surface area structures
  • Specialized organs for gas exchange
  • Capillary networks for efficient transport
• Who is the presenter of the biology video?

  1. Ik
• What is the main topic of the video?

  The human gas exchange system and ventilation
• What is the difference between breathing and respiration?

  Breathing is air movement; respiration is energy release
• What does ventilation refer to?

  It is the scientific term for breathing
• What is gas exchange?

  Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• What are the two main structures of the lungs?

  Left lung and right lung
• What is the function of the trachea?

  It is the windpipe that carries air
• What supports the trachea's structure?

  C-shaped cartilage rings
• What are bronchi?

  They are branches of the trachea
• What are bronchioles?

  Smaller tubes branching from bronchi
• What are alveoli?

  Air sacs with thin epithelial cells
• What muscles are involved in ventilation?

  The diaphragm and intercostal muscles
• What does antagonistic mean in muscle pairs?

  One muscle contracts while the other relaxes
• What do external intercostal muscles do during inhalation?

  They contract and pull the ribcage up
• What happens to the diaphragm during inhalation?

  It contracts and flattens
• What is the effect of increased thoracic volume during inhalation?

  It decreases pressure in the lungs
• What causes air to flow into the lungs?

  Higher atmospheric pressure compared to lung pressure
• What happens during exhalation?

  Internal intercostal muscles contract