Introduction to Healthcare System

• TOPIC OUTLINE

  1. 1.1. Definition of Health

  2. 1.2. Health According to World Health Organization

  3. 1.3. Health According to the Philippine Constitution
• Health

  State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (World Health Organization)
• Health according to the Philippine Constitution

  • The State shall adopt an integrated and comprehensive approach to health development which shall endeavor to make essential goods, health and other social services available to all the people at affordable cost. There shall be priority for the needs of the underprivileged sick, elderly, disabled women, and children. The State shall endeavor to provide free medical care to paupers
  • The State shall establish and maintain an effective food and drug regulatory system and undertake appropriate health manpower development and research, responsive to the country’s health needs and problems
  • The State shall establish a special agency for disabled persons for rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance, and their integration into the mainstream of society
• Health according to World Health Organization

  • Healthy development of the child is of basic importance; the ability to live harmoniously in a changing total environment is essential to such development
  • The extension to all peoples of the benefits of medical, psychological, and related knowledge is essential to the fullest attainment of health
  • Informed opinion and active co-operation on the part of the public are of the utmost importance in the improvement of the health of the people
  • Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures
• CHAPTER 2 DEFINING HEALTH CARE

  Refers to the efforts made to maintain, restore, or promote someone’s physical, mental, and social well-being
• UNIT I OBJECTIVES

  1. Define Health and Primary Health Care

  2. Discuss the goal of Primary Health Care

  3. Determine the strategies that comprise Primary Health Care

  4. Discuss the importance of Health Care System
• Definition of Health Care

  • Efforts made to maintain, restore, or promote someone’s physical, mental, or emotional well-being especially when performed by trained and licensed professionals
  • Degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes
• Primary Health Care

  1. Meeting people’s health needs through comprehensive promotive, protective, preventive, curative, rehabilitative, and palliative care throughout the life course

  2. Systematically addressing the broader determinants of health through evidence-informed policies and actions across all sectors

  3. Empowering individuals, families, and communities to optimize their health
• Primary care


  Should be the first point of contact for disease prevention activities, as well as acute and chronic health problems
• Health according to the Philippine Constitution
• Characteristics of Quality Health Care

  • Effective
  • Safe
  • People-centered
  • Timely
  • Equitable
  • Integrated
  • Efficient
• Primary care

  1. Entry point to personal health services for the vast majority of health problems

  2. Linked to increased access to services, better problem recognition and diagnostic accuracy, reduction in avoidable hospitalization, better health outcomes, and higher life expectancy

  3. Evidence-informed, community-delivered and person-centered, provides the point of first contact, and ensures continuity, comprehensiveness, and coordination
• Primary care


  Refers to the scope, breadth, and depth
• Quality of care

  • Effective – providing evidence-based healthcare services to those who need them
  • Safe – avoiding harm to people for whom care is intended
  • People-centered – providing care that responds to individuals preferences, needs, and values
  • Timely – reducing waiting times and sometimes harmful delays
  • Equitable – providing care that does not vary in quality on account of gender, ethnicity, geographic location, and socio-economic status
  • Integrated – providing care that makes available the full range of health services throughout the life course
  • Efficient – maximizing the benefit of available measures and avoiding waste
• Components of Primary Health Care

  • Primary care and essential public health functions as the core of integrated health services
  • Multisectoral policy and action
  • Empowered people and communities
• Article XIII: Social Justice and Human Rights
• Continuity of care

  Results from the delivery of seamless coherent person-focused care over time across different care encounters and transitions of care
• Basic Principles of Primary Health Care

  • First Contact
  • Comprehensiveness
  • Continuity
  • Coordination
  • Person-centeredness
• Population-based Services in primary health care

  Employ a public health approach to improve health and well-being on a large scale
• Emergency preparedness in primary health care

  Aims to address unforeseen and catastrophic circumstances that create a surge of demand for health services and strain resources and infrastructure
• Health promotion in primary health care

  Enables people to have more control over their own health, through better health literacy and improved ability to provide self-care and care for others
• Empowered people and communities in primary health care

  Rooted in social justice, equity, and participation, recognizing the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right
• Health protection in primary health care

  Includes risk assessment and supervision of enforcement and control of activities for minimizing exposure to health hazards to protect the population
• Surveillance and response in primary health care

  Combine monitoring and prevention, highlight the importance of readily usable health information at the population and community level
• Primary care and essential public health functions

  Core of integrated health services
• Essential roles of people and communities in health and well-being

  • Advocates for multisectoral policies and action for health
  • Co-developers of health and social services
  • Self-carers and caregivers
• Comprehensiveness in primary care

  Refers to the scope, breadth, and depth of primary care, including the competence to address health issues throughout the life course. It decreases unnecessary referrals, supporting efficient allocation of resources
• Person-centeredness in primary care

  Effective primary care is centered on the whole person, in health and in sickness taking into consideration the full physical, mental, and social circumstances
• Key multisectoral interventions for health

  • Fiscal measures (taxes and subsidies)
  • Laws and regulations
  • Changes in the built environment
  • Information, education, and communication changes
• Primary health care approach

  Contributes to empowering people through improved education and health information
• Primary care

  Should be the first point of contact for disease prevention activities, acute and chronic health problems
• Coordination in primary care

  One of the essential functions is to coordinate service delivery across the whole spectrum of health and social care services through integrated, functional, and mutually supportive arrangements
• Public health functions relevant to primary health care

  • Health protection
  • Health promotion
  • Disease prevention
  • Surveillance and response
  • Emergency preparedness
• Primary health care approach

  Particular attention should be given to populations in situations of vulnerability, seeking to meet their information needs and provide guidance towards improved health
• Commission on Social Determinants of Health and Rio Declaration

  Achievement of social and health equity requires coordinated and collaborative multisectoral policy action
• Disease prevention in primary health care

  Delivered at both the individual and the population level, linked to health promotion and health care delivery
• Economic growth is directly related to improved health and well-being
• Article 25 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights states that everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for health and well-being, including food, clothing, housing, medical care, and necessary social services
• More than 55% of the world's population currently live in cities
• Primary health care has been shown to reduce total health care cost and increase efficiency by improving access to preventive and promotive services, providing early diagnosis, and people-centered care